C# Program to Find Volume, Perimeter and Surface Area of Cuboid

A cuboid is a three-dimensional geometric shape with six rectangular faces, where opposite faces are equal in dimensions. It has three dimensions: length, breadth (width), and height. We can calculate the volume, perimeter, and surface area of a cuboid using specific mathematical formulas.

Formulas

The following formulas are used to calculate the properties of a cuboid

Volume of a Cuboid

Volume = length × breadth × height

Perimeter of a Cuboid

Perimeter = 4 × (length + breadth + height)

Surface Area of a Cuboid

Surface Area = 2 × (length × breadth + breadth × height + height × length)

Where

• Length: The horizontal dimension of the cuboid

• Breadth: The width or depth of the cuboid

• Height: The vertical dimension of the cuboid

Using Direct Formula Calculation

This approach directly applies the mathematical formulas to calculate the volume, perimeter, and surface area of a cuboid

using System;

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        double length = 6;
        double breadth = 4;
        double height = 3;

        double volume = length * breadth * height;
        double perimeter = 4 * (length + breadth + height);
        double surfaceArea = 2 * (length * breadth + breadth * height + height * length);

        Console.WriteLine($"Cuboid Dimensions: Length = {length}, Breadth = {breadth}, Height = {height}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Volume: {volume} cubic units");
        Console.WriteLine($"Perimeter: {perimeter} units");
        Console.WriteLine($"Surface Area: {surfaceArea} square units");
    }
}

The output of the above code is

Cuboid Dimensions: Length = 6, Breadth = 4, Height = 3
Volume: 72 cubic units
Perimeter: 52 units
Surface Area: 108 square units

Using Separate Functions

We can create separate functions for each calculation to improve code organization and reusability

using System;

class Program {
    static double CalculateVolume(double length, double breadth, double height) {
        return length * breadth * height;
    }

    static double CalculatePerimeter(double length, double breadth, double height) {
        return 4 * (length + breadth + height);
    }

    static double CalculateSurfaceArea(double length, double breadth, double height) {
        return 2 * (length * breadth + breadth * height + height * length);
    }

    static void Main() {
        double length = 8;
        double breadth = 5;
        double height = 4;

        double volume = CalculateVolume(length, breadth, height);
        double perimeter = CalculatePerimeter(length, breadth, height);
        double surfaceArea = CalculateSurfaceArea(length, breadth, height);

        Console.WriteLine($"Cuboid Dimensions: Length = {length}, Breadth = {breadth}, Height = {height}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Volume: {volume} cubic units");
        Console.WriteLine($"Perimeter: {perimeter} units");
        Console.WriteLine($"Surface Area: {surfaceArea} square units");
    }
}

The output of the above code is

Cuboid Dimensions: Length = 8, Breadth = 5, Height = 4
Volume: 160 cubic units
Perimeter: 68 units
Surface Area: 164 square units

Using Object-Oriented Approach

We can create a Cuboid class to encapsulate the dimensions and calculations

using System;

class Cuboid {
    private double length, breadth, height;

    public Cuboid(double length, double breadth, double height) {
        this.length = length;
        this.breadth = breadth;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public double GetVolume() {
        return length * breadth * height;
    }

    public double GetPerimeter() {
        return 4 * (length + breadth + height);
    }

    public double GetSurfaceArea() {
        return 2 * (length * breadth + breadth * height + height * length);
    }

    public void DisplayResults() {
        Console.WriteLine($"Cuboid Dimensions: Length = {length}, Breadth = {breadth}, Height = {height}");
        Console.WriteLine($"Volume: {GetVolume()} cubic units");
        Console.WriteLine($"Perimeter: {GetPerimeter()} units");
        Console.WriteLine($"Surface Area: {GetSurfaceArea()} square units");
    }
}

class Program {
    static void Main() {
        Cuboid cuboid1 = new Cuboid(10, 6, 8);
        cuboid1.DisplayResults();

        Console.WriteLine();

        Cuboid cuboid2 = new Cuboid(12, 7, 5);
        cuboid2.DisplayResults();
    }
}

The output of the above code is

Cuboid Dimensions: Length = 10, Breadth = 6, Height = 8
Volume: 480 cubic units
Perimeter: 96 units
Surface Area: 376 square units

Cuboid Dimensions: Length = 12, Breadth = 7, Height = 5
Volume: 420 cubic units
Perimeter: 96 units
Surface Area: 358 square units

Comparison

Conclusion

Calculating the volume, perimeter, and surface area of a cuboid in C# can be implemented using direct formulas, separate functions, or object-oriented approaches. All methods have constant time and space complexity, with the object-oriented approach providing the best code organization and reusability for handling multiple cuboids.