What is Link Budget Design?A wireless link budget is drafted prior to data transmission to anticipate the possible losses that could occur during transmission of data through the channel. A link budget takes into account all forms of possible losses including path loss, atmospheric absorption loss and channel noise. Link ... Read More

Some of the factors that decide the performance of a wireless link include transmission power, transmission bandwidth, and antenna gain and signal to noise also increases and hence the SNR decreases. ratio. Let us discuss the performance of a wireless link in view of short range and long range communications ... Read More

In this article, two more important performance parameters of a wireless link are discussed – transmission bandwidth and system temperature.Definition of Transmission BandwidthHigh data rates can be achieved with high bandwidths. It is also known that the transmission bandwidth of the signal is limited by the allocated channel bandwidth. An ... Read More

For establishing a reliable wireless communication link, a wireless design engineer must operate at optimum levels of performance deciding parameters such as transmission power, transmission bandwidth, antenna gain and so on. Not all the parameters that affect the performance of a wireless link are under the control of a design ... Read More

A wireless link budget, in general, estimates the possible losses that will be encountered by the signal being transmitted and adjustments are made on the design parameters to combat the effects of such losses. EIRP is commonly used in wireless link budget calculations to specify the power level required for ... Read More

A composite signal is composed of several frequency components. Each frequency component corresponds to a signal. Such signals of different frequencies put togetherforms a composite signal. Different signal frequencies present in the signal respond differently to the channel noise conditions. Power spectral density specifies the power levels of the frequency ... Read More

This article presents some of the numerical problems on SNR.Question 1At the transmitter, the signal power is 23 mW. The input SNR is 40 dB. The channel offers 3 dB attenuation to the signal and the output noise is thrice the input noise level. Determine the SNR at the output.Soln − ... Read More

The ‘Signal-to-Noise’ ratio or, SNR (in short), is a metric that describes the signal performance in the presence of wireless channel noise (interference). In the linear scale, the SNR is the ratio of the signal power to the noise power. The wireless channel is never noise-free.There always exist noise floors ... Read More

Let us understand the significance of path loss by solving some numericals.Example 1 − Problem SolutionFor a microwave terrestrial-based line-of-sight communication operating at 10 GHz, what is the maximum faithful coverage distance that the signal could make before requiring a repeater? The following details are provided −Signal transmission power = ... Read More

Usually, the wireless channel is noisy. We can’t have a noise-free communication. We often use the AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise) model for interpretation of the channel noise. Noise is assumed to get added to the signal and at the receiver; we have a signal that carries both the data ... Read More