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Articles by Satish Kumar
Page 63 of 94
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol designed for delivering audio and video over IP networks with minimal delay. It provides end-to-end transport functions specifically tailored for real-time multimedia applications like voice calls, video conferencing, and live streaming. RTP works in conjunction with the Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP), which monitors transmission quality and provides feedback. While RTP handles the actual media delivery, RTCP manages control information and quality metrics. RTP Protocol Stack Application Layer (VoIP, Video Conferencing) RTP (Media) ...
Read MoreExplicitly assigning port number to client in Socket
When building client-server applications using sockets, it's essential to assign a unique port number to each client to ensure proper communication between server and clients. By explicitly assigning a port number to each client, the server can identify and communicate with individual clients without confusion or overlap. In this article, we'll explore the importance of assigning port numbers to clients and how to do so effectively. What is a Port Number? In the context of networking, a port number is a 16-bit unsigned integer that uniquely identifies a specific process to which a network packet is directed. When ...
Read MoreReal-Time Communications (RTC)
Real-Time Communications (RTC) refers to the ability to communicate and exchange information instantaneously over the internet. RTC encompasses technologies and protocols that enable synchronous communication of audio, video, and data between devices without noticeable delay. RTC technologies power voice and video calls, video conferencing, instant messaging, and live streaming applications. These systems rely on specialized protocols like Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to establish and maintain communication sessions between devices. Real-Time Communications Flow Sender Audio/Video Receiver ...
Read MoreH.323 and Associated Protocols
H.323 is a comprehensive suite of standards for real-time multimedia communication over IP networks, developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the late 1990s. It enables voice, video, and data communication across packet-switched networks like the Internet. H.323 provides a framework for interoperability between different multimedia communication systems and has been widely adopted for applications such as Voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing, and multimedia streaming services. Core H.323 Protocols The H.323 suite comprises several interconnected protocols, each serving specific functions: H.225 − Handles call signaling and establishment. Uses the Remote Procedure Call ...
Read MoreCan Two IP Addresses Be Same
No, two IP addresses cannot be the same within a single network as each IP address serves as a unique identifier for a device. In IPv4, an IP address is a 32-bit binary number typically represented in dotted-decimal notation. In IPv6, an IP address is a 128-bit binary number represented in hexadecimal notation. IP Address Structure An IP address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. IP addresses serve two main functions: host identification and location addressing. There are two versions of IP addresses ...
Read MoreFast Recovery Technique For Loss Recovery in TCP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a widely used protocol for data transmission over the internet. However, data transmission over TCP is not always error-free. Transmission can be disrupted due to several reasons such as network congestion, packet loss, or failure of intermediate devices. In such cases, TCP uses a loss recovery technique to recover lost data and retransmit it. This technique is crucial in ensuring reliability of data transmission over the internet. Understanding TCP Loss Recovery TCP uses a three-way handshake mechanism to establish a connection between two devices. Once the connection is established, data transmission begins. TCP ...
Read MoreFeatures of Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
The Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol developed by Cisco Systems. It evolved from the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) to provide faster convergence, better scalability, and improved network efficiency for modern enterprise networks. Fast Convergence EIGRP's most significant feature is its rapid convergence using the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL). When network topology changes occur, DUAL allows routers to quickly calculate loop-free backup routes and recover from link failures without the counting-to-infinity problem common in traditional distance-vector protocols. EIGRP Fast Convergence with DUAL ...
Read MoreFeatures of Good Message Passing in Distributed System
In a distributed system, message passing is a critical component of communication between processes or nodes. Message passing allows processes to share data, coordinate their activities, and respond to changes in the system. A well-designed message passing system can improve performance, reliability, and scalability of a distributed system. Message Passing in Distributed Systems Node A Node B Message Acknowledgment ...
Read MoreFiber Optics Broadband Connection
In today's digital age, high-speed internet is no longer a luxury but a necessity. With growing demand for streaming services, video conferencing, and online gaming, traditional copper-based internet connections are becoming outdated. Fiber optics broadband connection has emerged as the go-to solution for reliable, high-speed internet that meets the needs of modern users. What is Fiber Optics Broadband Connection? Fiber optics broadband connection is an internet connection that uses fiber-optic cables to transmit data. Unlike traditional copper cables, which transmit data through electrical signals, fiber optics use light to transmit data. Fiber-optic cables consist of thin strands of ...
Read MoreFile Accessing Models in Distributed System
In a distributed system, multiple computers work together to provide a cohesive service to users. One of the most critical components is the ability to access files stored on different computers across the network. Different file accessing models have been developed to manage this complexity and ensure efficient and secure file sharing. File Accessing Models in Distributed Systems Centralized Single Server All Files Distributed Multiple Nodes ...
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