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Articles by Satish Kumar
Page 62 of 94
The Mobile Web
The Mobile Web refers to accessing and browsing the World Wide Web using mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. Unlike traditional desktop browsing, mobile web experiences are optimized for smaller screens, touch interfaces, and varying network conditions. Mobile web has become the dominant form of internet access, with mobile traffic accounting for over half of global web traffic. This shift has fundamentally changed how websites are designed and how users interact with online content. Mobile Web Ecosystem Mobile Browser Web Content ...
Read MoreCalculation of TCP Checksum
The TCP checksum is a 16-bit error detection mechanism used to verify the integrity of TCP segments during transmission. It ensures that data has not been corrupted or altered while traveling across the network. The checksum calculation involves creating a pseudo-header that includes parts of the IP header, the entire TCP header (with checksum field set to zero), and the TCP data. This approach provides end-to-end error detection across both network and transport layers. TCP Checksum Calculation Process 1. Pseudo-Header IP addresses + Protocol ...
Read MoreCalling Web Service Using Curl With Telnet Connection
Curl is a powerful command-line tool for transferring data using various network protocols. It was designed to work without user interaction, making it ideal for scripts and automated tasks. Curl supports numerous protocols including HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SFTP, Telnet, and many more. With curl, you can send HTTP requests, receive responses, upload and download files, and even handle email using SMTP and IMAP protocols. It provides extensive command-line options to control request behavior, set headers, specify request methods, and handle authentication. What is Curl? Curl is available on most operating systems and comes pre-installed on Linux and ...
Read MoreJoint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a standardized image compression technique commonly used for digital photographs. Developed by the Joint Photographic Experts Group in the early 1990s, JPEG is designed to reduce file sizes of digital images while maintaining reasonable image quality through lossy compression. JPEG uses a lossy compression algorithm, meaning some data is permanently lost during compression. The compression level can be adjusted − higher compression yields smaller files but lower quality, while lower compression maintains better quality at the cost of larger file sizes. This flexibility makes JPEG ideal for web usage and digital photography. ...
Read MoreMotion Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) is a family of international standards for audio and video compression and transmission, developed by a working group of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). MPEG standards enable efficient storage and transmission of multimedia content by significantly reducing file sizes while maintaining acceptable quality. MPEG uses lossy compression, meaning some data is discarded during the compression process to achieve smaller file sizes. The compression level can be adjusted to balance between file size and quality based on specific requirements. MPEG Compression Process ...
Read MoreReal Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is a network control protocol designed for use in entertainment and communication systems to control streaming media servers. The protocol is used to establish and control media sessions between endpoints, and it can support the transmission of video, audio, and other types of data. RTSP is similar to HTTP, but it is specifically designed for the control of streaming media. It allows a client to issue commands to a server, such as "play, " "pause, " and "record, " and it can also be used to negotiate the delivery of streaming media. RTSP ...
Read MoreCAN Protocol
The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is a robust communication protocol originally developed for the automotive industry but now widely used across various sectors including industrial automation, medical equipment, and avionics. It is a serial communication protocol that implements a multi-master, distributed control system where any device (node) on the network can initiate communication. The protocol enables devices to share information and synchronize actions without requiring a central controller. CAN uses collision detection and arbitration methods to ensure only one node transmits at a time, preventing data collisions on the shared bus. Why CAN? The CAN protocol ...
Read MoreExplain Parameter passing Semantics in RPC
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a communication protocol that enables a process running on one computer to invoke a procedure in another process running on a remote computer. The procedure call appears to the caller as a local procedure call, but in reality, the call is transmitted over a network. RPC involves several aspects such as marshaling of parameters, handling of return values, and communication between client and server. In this article, we will focus on parameter passing semantics in RPC. We will discuss various parameter passing methods and their characteristics, including pass-by-value, pass-by-reference, pass-by-result, and pass-by-object-reference. Parameter ...
Read MoreReal-Time Transport Protocol (RTP)
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) is a network protocol designed for delivering audio and video over IP networks with minimal delay. It provides end-to-end transport functions specifically tailored for real-time multimedia applications like voice calls, video conferencing, and live streaming. RTP works in conjunction with the Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP), which monitors transmission quality and provides feedback. While RTP handles the actual media delivery, RTCP manages control information and quality metrics. RTP Protocol Stack Application Layer (VoIP, Video Conferencing) RTP (Media) ...
Read MoreExplicitly assigning port number to client in Socket
When building client-server applications using sockets, it's essential to assign a unique port number to each client to ensure proper communication between server and clients. By explicitly assigning a port number to each client, the server can identify and communicate with individual clients without confusion or overlap. In this article, we'll explore the importance of assigning port numbers to clients and how to do so effectively. What is a Port Number? In the context of networking, a port number is a 16-bit unsigned integer that uniquely identifies a specific process to which a network packet is directed. When ...
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