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Articles by Satish Kumar
Page 16 of 94
How to Configure PAM to Audit Logging Shell User Activity?
In today's digital age, security is of utmost importance. The rise of cyber threats and data breaches has shown that no system is completely safe. System administrators and IT professionals must take proactive measures to protect their systems and data. One such measure is the use of Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) for user authentication. PAM is a powerful tool that allows system administrators to customize the authentication process for their systems. It enables the use of multiple authentication methods, such as passwords, tokens, and biometrics, among others. This flexibility makes it easier for administrators to manage access controls and ...
Read MoreAlmaLinux 9.9 Released - Download DVD ISO Images
AlmaLinux is a free and open-source enterprise-level Linux distribution that serves as a community-driven alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). Originally created as a response to CentOS's shift in focus, AlmaLinux provides organizations with a stable, secure, and reliable operating system for production environments. The latest version, AlmaLinux 9.9, has been released with enhanced features and improved security measures. What is AlmaLinux? AlmaLinux is an enterprise-grade Linux distribution built from the same source code as Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This binary compatibility with RHEL makes it an ideal drop-in replacement for organizations seeking a cost-effective alternative. The ...
Read More10 Amazing Terminal Based Games for Linux Enthusiasts
If you're a Linux enthusiast looking for fun and challenging games, the world of terminal-based games offers a treasure trove of entertainment. While many gamers may overlook terminal gaming, these text-based adventures provide hours of engaging gameplay with minimal system resources and maximum creativity. This article explores some of the best terminal-based games for Linux enthusiasts, covering everything from classic dungeon crawlers to arcade-style games and text adventures. So grab your favorite beverage and dive into the fascinating world of terminal gaming. Classic Dungeon Crawlers Nethack Nethack is the quintessential roguelike game that has captivated players since ...
Read MoreHow to Get the Size of a Directory in Linux?
In Linux, managing disk space effectively requires knowing how to determine directory sizes. A directory in Linux is similar to a folder in other operating systems, organizing files and subdirectories in a hierarchical structure. Directories are treated as files themselves, having attributes, permissions, and metadata such as creation and modification times. Understanding directory sizes helps system administrators monitor disk usage, identify space-consuming files, and maintain optimal system performance. This article explores three practical methods to get directory sizes in Linux. Method 1: Using the "du" Command The "du" command stands for "disk usage" and is the most ...
Read MoreLinux source Command
The Linux source command is an essential tool for Linux users and administrators. It executes a script file in the current shell environment, allowing you to modify the current shell environment the same way you would if you had typed the commands manually. The source command is crucial for loading configurations, setting variables, and defining functions that persist in your current session. What is the Linux source Command? The source command reads and executes commands from a file within the current shell environment. The file is typically a shell script, but it can be any text file containing ...
Read MoreBash Math Operations (Bash Arithmetic) Explained
Bash arithmetic refers to mathematical operations that can be performed within Bash scripts using special syntax. Bash provides built-in support for integer arithmetic operations, making it easy to perform calculations directly in shell scripts without external tools. This article explores the fundamentals of Bash arithmetic, including syntax, operators, and practical examples for performing mathematical calculations in shell scripts. Basic Syntax Bash arithmetic uses the $(( )) syntax to evaluate mathematical expressions. The basic format is − $(( expression )) The expression can include variables, numbers, and arithmetic operators. The double parentheses tell Bash ...
Read MoreAmanda - An Advanced Automatic Network Backup Tool For Linux
Amanda (Advanced Maryland Automatic Network Disk Archiver) is a powerful open-source backup and recovery solution for Linux systems. Originally developed in 1991 by James Da Silva, Amanda stands out as an enterprise-grade backup tool designed for network environments with multiple clients and diverse storage requirements. How Amanda Works Amanda uses a client-server architecture where the backup server communicates with clients to initiate backups and manage backup schedules. The server runs on a Linux machine and communicates with clients via the network. Clients can be any Linux machine on the network that has Amanda client software installed. ...
Read More10 Apk Commands for Alpine Linux Package Management
Alpine Linux is a lightweight and secure Linux distribution designed to be resource-efficient and fast. It is a popular choice for running Docker containers and is widely used in embedded systems and network appliances. One of the key features of Alpine Linux is its package management system, which is based on the APK tool. Introduction to APK APK (Alpine Package Keeper) is the package manager for Alpine Linux, used to manage the installation, removal, and updating of software packages. It is a simple and fast tool designed to work efficiently on resource-constrained systems. The APK package manager uses ...
Read MoreHow to Get Total Inodes of Root Partition?
Before we dive into the topic of how to get total inodes of root partition, let's start with understanding what inodes actually are. Inodes, short for Index Nodes, is a data structure used by the file system to store information about files and directories. Every file or directory on a Unix-based system has an inode associated with it, which contains metadata such as permissions, timestamps, and other attributes. In simple terms, an inode acts as a pointer to where data is stored on the hard drive. It is worth noting that unlike file names or directory names which can ...
Read MoreHow to Configure Postfix and Dovecot with Virtual Domain Users in Linux?
Configuring Postfix and Dovecot with virtual domain users is an essential process for anyone running a Linux-based email server. These two software applications work together to handle incoming and outgoing emails. Postfix is the mail transfer agent (MTA) responsible for routing and delivering email messages, while Dovecot is the mail delivery agent (MDA) that delivers incoming emails to users' mailboxes and allows clients to retrieve them. This guide provides a step-by-step approach to configure both services for virtual domain users, allowing you to host multiple email domains on a single server without creating system users for each email account. ...
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