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Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 76 of 196
How to change the width of whisker lines in a boxplot using ggplot2 in R?
In R, by default the whisker lines are as wide as the box of the boxplot but it would be great if we reduce that width or increase it because it will get attention of the viewer in that way. This can be done by using the width argument inside the stat_boxplot function of ggplot2 package. Check out the below example to understand how it works.ExampleConsider the below data frame −Example> x y df dfOutputx y 1 B 5 2 B 4 3 A 6 4 A 9 5 B 2 6 B 4 7 B 6 8 B 2 ...
Read MoreHow to create a column in an R data frame that contains the multiplication of two columns?
Sometimes we need the multiplication of two columns and create a new column so that the multiplication can be used further for analysis. For example, to calculate BMI we need mass and height and the height is squared, therefore, we would be needing the square of height. For this purpose, we can either multiply height with height or simply take the square both the ways work. Hence, if only have height column in an R data frame then we can multiply it with itself.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> set.seed(957) > x y z df dfOutputx y z 1 0 ...
Read MoreHow to get top values of a numerical column of an R data frame in decreasing order?
To get the top values in an R data frame, we can use the head function and if we want the values in decreasing order then sort function will be required. Therefore, we need to use the combination of head and sort function to find the top values in decreasing order. For example, if we have a data frame df that contains a column x then we can find top 20 values of x in decreasing order by using head(sort(df$x, decreasing=TRUE), n=20).ExampleConsider the CO2 data frame in base R −> str(CO2)OutputClasses ‘nfnGroupedData’, ‘nfGroupedData’, ‘groupedData’ and 'data.frame': 84 obs. of 5 ...
Read MoreHow to create a residual plot in R with better looking aesthetics?
The default residual plot can be created by using the model object name in base R but that is not very attractive. To create a residual plot with better looking aesthetics, we can use resid_panel function of ggResidpanel package. It is created in the same way as the residual plot in base R, also it results in all the relevant graph in one window.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x y df dfOutputx y 1 0.48508894 0.217379409 2 0.75113573 -0.657179470 3 -0.13075185 -0.549613217 4 -0.26867557 1.156736294 5 0.40407850 0.640387394 6 -0.23816272 -0.807847198 7 -0.57278583 0.600249694 8 -0.78222676 -0.711133218 9 1.70161645 ...
Read MoreHow to create an empty data frame with fixed number of rows and without columns in R?
To create an empty data frame with fixed number of rows but no columns, we can use data.frame function along with the matrix function. That means we need to create a matrix without any column using matrix and save it in a data frame using data.frame function as shown in the below examples.Example1> df1 df1Outputdata frame with 0 columns and 10 rows Example2> df2 df2Outputdata frame with 0 columns and 100 rows Example3> df3 df3Outputdata frame with 0 columns and 39 rows Example4> df4 df4Outputdata frame with 0 columns and 20 rows Example5> df5 df5Outputdata frame with 0 columns and ...
Read MoreHow to check if all values in a vector are integer or not in R?
To check whether all values in a vector in R are integer or not, we can round the vector using floor function then subtract the vector values from it and check whether the output is zero or not. If the output will be zero that means the value is integer otherwise it is not. The floor function returns the largest integer that is smaller or equal to the actual value. For example, if we have a vector x then it can be done as x-floor(x)==0.Example1> x1 x1Output[1] 4 0 2 8 6 1 3 7 3 4 0 7 2 ...
Read MoreHow to find the number of positive values in an R vector?
We know that positive values are greater than 0, therefore, we can use this condition with length function to find the number of positive values in a vector. For example, if we have a vector x that contains some positive and some negative values and we want to find the number of values that are positive then we can use the command length(x[x>0]).Example1> x1 x1Output[1] 0.21314126 1.23449384 -1.02721325 -0.23168203 -1.36368881 -0.82416287 [7] 0.31224895 -0.90773340 0.10312288 -0.38914253 0.01196499 0.44875369 [13] 0.40820219 0.70172242 -0.23766272 -0.01023414 1.12403398 0.05837136 [19] -0.67403563 -0.26134292 0.31192384 -1.25116951 0.22115555 0.46544495 [25] 0.76567139 0.76948285 -1.42650924 0.24616899 0.18043015 1.04896235 [31] ...
Read MoreHow to set a specific value for a range in an R vector?
Suppose we have a vector that contains hundred values starting from 1 to 100 and we want to set values greater than 5 and less than 96 to 5 then it can be done with the help of ifelse function. For example, if such vector is named as x then the command will be as follows −ifelse(x>5 & x x1 x1Output[1] 2 4 1 6 7 4 0 1 6 4 0 7 1 3 3 1 4 6 7 7 0 2 7 3 9 4 4 8 6 3 3 5 4 5 6 5 6 [38] 2 ...
Read MoreHow to convert a string vector into title case in R?
We cannot be sure about the data characteristics we get for analysis and mostly it is not well organised, thus, the first task would be to make it more organised. The string values not in title case should also be taken care of if it is especially supposed to be in title case. For this purpose, we can str_to_title function of stringr package.Example1> x1 x1Output[1] "india" "united kingdom" "indonesia" "canada" [5] "canada" "india" "united kingdom" "canada" [9] "indonesia" "united kingdom" "indonesia" "canada" [13] "russia" "indonesia" "canada" "russia" [17] "united kingdom" "russia" "russia" "india" [21] "united kingdom" "india" "india" "united kingdom" ...
Read MoreHow to remove names from a named vector in R?
To assign names to the values of vector, we can use names function and the removal of names can be done by using unname function. For example, if we have a vector x that has elements with names and we want to remove the names of those elements then we can use the command unname(x).Example1> x1 names(x1) x1OutputG K N V P F F A P D L N K J V H S L F C M F H T I V 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ...
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