Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 191 of 196
Python - Working with .docx module
Word documents contain formatted text wrapped within three object levels. Lowest level- Run objects, Middle level- Paragraph objects and Highest level- Document object.So, we cannot work with these documents using normal text editors. But we can manipulate these word documents in python using the python-docx module.The first step is to install this third-party module python-docx. You can use pip “pip install python-docx”After installation import “docx” NOT “python-docx”.Use “docx.Document” class to start working with the word document.Example# import docx NOT python-docx import docx # create an instance of a word document doc = docx.Document() # add a heading of level 0 ...
Read MorePython - Ways to merge strings into list
While developing an application, there come many scenarios when we need to operate on the string and convert it as some mutable data structure, say list.Example# Importing ast library import ast # Initialization of strings str1 ="'Python', 'for', 'fun'" str2 ="'vishesh', 'ved'" str3 ="'Programmer'" # Initialization of list list = [] # Extending into single list for x in (str1, str2, str3): list.extend(ast.literal_eval(x)) # printing output print(list) # using eval # Initialization of strings str1 ="['python, 'for', ''fun']" str2 ="['vishesh', 'ved']" str3 ="['programmer']" out = [str1, str2, str3] out = eval('+'.join(out)) # printing output print(out)
Read MorePython - Ways to iterate tuple list of lists
List is an important container and used almost in every code of day-day programming as well as web-development, more it is used, more is the requirement to master it and hence knowledge of its operations is necessary.Example# using itertools.ziplongest # import library from itertools import zip_longest # initialising listoflist test_list = [ [('11'), ('12'), ('13')], [('21'), ('22'), ('23')], [('31'), ('32'), ('33')] ] # printing intial list print ("Initial List = ", test_list) # iterate list tuples list of list into single list res_list = [item for my_list in zip_longest(*test_list) for item in my_list if ...
Read MorePython - Using variable outside and inside the class and method
Python is an object-oriented programming language. Almost everything in Python is an object, with its properties and methods. A Class is like an object constructor, or a "blueprint" for creating objects.The variables that are defined outside the class can be accessed by any class or any methods in the class by just writing the variable name.Example# defined outside the class' # Variable defined outside the class. outVar = 'outside_class' print("Outside_class1", outVar) ''' Class one ''' class Ctest: print("Outside_class2", outVar) def access_method(self): print("Outside_class3", outVar) # Calling method by creating object uac = Ctest() uac.access_method() ...
Read MorePython - Plotting Radar charts in excel sheet using XlsxWriter module
A radar chart is a graphical method of displaying multivariate data in the form of a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point.Example# import xlsxwriter module import xlsxwriter # Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument which is the filename #that we want to create. workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_radar1.xlsx') # The workbook object is then used to add new worksheet via the #add_worksheet() method. worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() # Create a new Format object to formats cells in worksheets using #add_format() method . # here we create bold format object . bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1}) ...
Read MorePython - Plotting an Excel chart with pattern fills in column using XlsxWriter module
Charts are composed of at least one series of one or more data points. Series themselves are comprised of references to cell ranges. For plotting the charts on an excel sheet, firstly, create chart object of specific chart type( i.e Column chart etc.). After creating chart objects, insert data in it and lastly, add that chart object in the sheet object.Example# import xlsxwriter module import xlsxwriter #Workbook()takes one, non-optional, argument which is the filename #that we want to create. workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_pattern.xlsx') # The workbook object is then used to add new worksheet via the #add_worksheet() method. worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() ...
Read MorePython - Plotting an Excel chart with Gradient fills using XlsxWriter module
XlsxWriter is a Python library using which one can perform multiple operations on excel files like creating, writing, arithmetic operations and plotting graphs.Example# import xlsxwriter module import xlsxwriter # Workbook() takes one, non-optional, argument which is the filename #that we want to create. workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook('chart_gradient1.xlsx') # The workbook object is then used to add new worksheet via the #add_worksheet() method. worksheet = workbook.add_worksheet() # Create a new Format object to formats cells in worksheets using #add_format() method . # here we create bold format object . bold = workbook.add_format({'bold': 1}) # Add the worksheet data that the charts will refer ...
Read MorePython - Implementation of Polynomial Regression
Polynomial Regression is a form of linear regression in which the relationship between the independent variable x and dependent variable y is modeled as an nth degree polynomial. Polynomial regression fits a nonlinear relationship between the value of x and the corresponding conditional mean of y, denoted E(y |x)Example# Importing the libraries import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import pandas as pd # Importing the dataset datas = pd.read_csv('data.csv') datas # divide the dataset into two components X = datas.iloc[:, 1:2].values y = datas.iloc[:, 2].values # Fitting Linear Regression to the dataset from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression lin = LinearRegression() lin.fit(X, y) ...
Read MorePython - Image Classification using keras
Image classification is a method to classify the images into their respective category classes using some method like −Training a small network from scratchFine tuning the top layers of the model using VGG16Example#First, include following libraries: # Importing all necessary libraries from keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator from keras.models import Sequential from keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D from keras.layers import Activation, Dropout, Flatten, Dense from keras import backend as K #Here, the train_data_dir is the train dataset directory. validation_data_dir is the #directory for validation data. nb_train_samples is the total number train #samples. nb_validation_samples is the total number of validation samples. img_width, img_height = 224, 224 train_data_dir = ...
Read MorePython - How and where to apply Feature Scaling?
It is a step of Data pre-processing which is applied to independent variables or features of data. It basically helps to normalise the data within a particular range.Why scaling?Most of the times, your dataset will contain features highly varying in magnitudes, units and range. But since, most of the machine learning algorithms use Euclidian distance between two data points in their computations, this is a problem.If left alone, these algorithms only take in the magnitude of features neglecting the units. The results would vary greatly between different units, 5kg and 5000gms.The features with high magnitudes will weigh in a lot ...
Read More