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Articles by Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Page 139 of 196
How to find the square root of each value in columns if some columns are categorical in R data frame?
To find the square root of each value in columns if some columns are categorical in R data frame, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Then, use numcolwise function from plyr package to find the square root of each value in columns if some columns are categorical.ExampleCreate the data frameLet’s create a data frame as shown below −Level
Read MoreHow to cover legend in a box using ggplot2 in R?
To cover legend in a box using ggplot2 in R, we can use theme function with legend.box.background and legend.box.margin argument. The legend.box.background will have a rectangular element with the help of element_rect and margin values will be set in legend.box.margin.Check out the Example given below to understand how it can be done.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −Score
Read MoreHow to find the column minimum if some columns are categorical in R data frame?
To find the column minimum if some columns are categorical in R data frame, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame.Then, use numcolwise function from plyr package to find the column minimum if some columns are categorical.ExampleCreate the data frameLet’s create a data frame as shown below −Group
Read MoreHow to display legend on top using ggplot2 in R?
To display legend on top using ggplot2 in R, we can use theme function with legend.justification argument to top.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains three columns say X and Y and F where X and Y are numerical and F is categorical then we can create scatterplot between X and Y with point colored by values in F by using the command given below −ggplot(df,aes(X,Y))+geom_point(aes(colour=factor(F)))+theme(legend.justification="top")ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to change the text size of Y-axis title using ggplot2 in R?
By default, the text size of axes titles are small but if we want to increase that size so that people can easily recognize them then theme function can be used where we can use axis.title.y argument for Y-axis and axis.title.x argument for X-axis with element_text size to larger value.Check out the Example given below to understand how it can be done.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −Country
Read MoreHow to increase the axes tick width using ggplot2 in R?
To increase the width of axes tick (both X-axis and Y-axis at the same time) using ggplot2 in R, we can use theme function with axis.ticks argument where we can set element_line argument size to a larger value.For Example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a single column X and we want to create histogram of X with wider axes ticks then we can use the command given below −ggplot(df,aes(X))+geom_histogram(bins=30)+theme(axis.ticks=element_line(size=2))ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to increase the width of axes using ggplot2 in R?
To increase the width of axes (both X-axis and Y-axis at the same time) using ggplot2 in R, we can use theme function with axis.line argument where we can set element_line argument to a larger value.Check out the Example given below to understand how it can be done.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to convert first letter into capital in single column data frame in R using dplyr?
To convert first letter into capital in single column data frame in R, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a data frame with string column.Then, use sub function along with mutate function of dplyr package to convert first letter into capital in string column.ExampleCreate the data frameLet’s create a data frame as shown below −Names
Read MoreHow to change the border style of a plot using ggplot2 in R?
To change the border style of a plot using ggplot2 in R, we can use theme function with panel.border argument where we can change the linetype for the plot border using element_rect. There are many linetypes and we can use them as desired.Check out the Example given below to understand how it can be done.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a sample data frame −x
Read MoreHow to extract the first n values of all elements of a list in R?
To extract the first n values of all elements of a list in R, we can follow the below steps −First of all, create a list.Then, use head function with sapply function to extract the first n values of all elements in the list.Example 1Create the listLet’s create a list as shown below −List1
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