The Computer memory hierarchy looks like a pyramid structure which is used to describe the differences among memory types. It separates the computer storage based on hierarchy.Level 0: CPU registersLevel 1: Cache memoryLevel 2: Main memory or primary memoryLevel 3: Magnetic disks or secondary memoryLevel 4: Optical disks or magnetic ... Read More

Data Abstraction is a process of hiding unwanted or irrelevant details from the end user. It provides a different view and helps in achieving data independence which is used to enhance the security of data.The database systems consist of complicated data structures and relations. For users to access the data ... Read More

Library functions are built-in functions that are grouped together and placed in a common location called library. Each function here performs a specific operation. We can use this library functions to get the pre-defined output. All C standard library functions are declared by using many header files. These library functions ... Read More

The operating system is needed to design and implement because without proper design and implementation any system cannot work properly, for every aspect or for any development a proper design and implementation should be necessary so that it can work in good manner and we can easily debug if any ... Read More

Converting one data type into another data type is called type conversions.Implicit type conversionExplicit type conversionImplicit type conversionThe compiler provides implicit type conversions when operands are of different data types.It is automatically done by the compiler by converting smaller data type into a larger data type.int i, x; float f; ... Read More

Distributed Operating System is a type of model where applications are running on multiple computers linked by communications. It is an extension of the network operating system which supports higher levels of communication and integration of the machines on the network. Distributed OS ... Read More

Lossless-join decomposition is a process in which a relation is decomposed into two or more relations. This property guarantees that the extra or less tuple generation problem does not occur and no information is lost from the original relation during the decomposition. It is also known as non-additive join decomposition. ... Read More

Data link layer protocols are divided into two categories based on whether the transmission channel is noiseless or noisy. The data link layer protocol is diagrammatically represented below − Noiseless Channels There are two noiseless channels which are as follows − Simplex channel Stop ... Read More

Depending on whether arguments are present or not and whether a value is returned or not, functions are categorized into − Functions without arguments and without return values Functions without arguments and ... Read More

In HTML tag is one of the element which is responsible for generating a pair of public and private keys. Public and private keys are used to encrypt and decrypt the data, that is sent to server, whenever an HTML form is submitted. Private key is stored on ... Read More