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Articles by Samual Sam
Page 148 of 151
Instruction type INR R in 8085 Microprocessor
In 8085 Instruction set, INR is a mnemonic that stands for ‘INcRement’ and ‘R’ stands for any of the following registers or memory location M pointed by HL pair. R = A, B, C, D, E, H, L, or M This instruction is used to add 1 with the contents of R. So the previous value in R will get increased by amount 1 only. The result of increment will be stored in R updating its previous content. All flags, except Cy flag, are affected depending on the result thus produced. In different assembly language core, this instruction ...
Read MorePython Program to Cyclic Redundancy Check
For detecting errors in digital data CRC is used, this is a good technique in detecting the transmission errors. In this technique mainly binary division is applied. In these technique, cyclic redundancy check bits are present which is a sequence of redundant bits, these bits are appended to the end of data unit so that the resulting data unit becomes exactly divisible by a second which is predetermined binary number. At the destination side, the incoming data is divided by the same number, if there is no remainder then assumed that data is correct and it’s ready to accept. A ...
Read MoreInstruction type ACI d8 in 8085 Microprocessor
In 8085 Instruction set, ACI is a mnemonic which stands for 'Add with Carry Immediate to Accumulator' and here “d8” stands for any 8-bit or 1-Bytedata. This instruction is actually meant for adding one 8-bit immediate data or operand to the Accumulator along with the carry value. The result of the addition will be stored in the Accumulator itself and replacing initial value of the Accumulator. As it is an arithmetic instruction, so the flags are affected based on the result. It holds 2-Bytes in the memory. Mnemonics, Operand Opcode(in HEX) Bytes ACI Data CE 2 ...
Read MoreInstruction type SUI d8 in 8085 Microprocessor
In 8085 Instruction set, SUI is a mnemonic that stands for ‘SUbtract Immediate from Accumulator and here d8 stands for any 8-bit or 1-Byte data. This instruction is used to subtract 8-bit immediate data from the Accumulator. The result of the subtraction will be stored in the Accumulator over witting its previous content. As it is an arithmetic instruction, so flag bits are affected based on the result. It is a 2-Byte instruction and occupies 2-Bytes in memory. Mnemonics, Operand Opcode(in HEX) Bytes SUI Data D6 2 When we issue SUI d8 instruction then ...
Read MoreInstruction type SBB R in 8085 Microprocessor
In 8085 Instruction set, SBB R is mnemonic used for multi-Byte subtraction. Let us consider the following example on such subtraction In this above example, the subtraction of 62H and F1H will result in 71H with a borrow of 1. Next, we have to subtract 44H and 13H along with this borrow value of 1. In the above tracing we have shown you how the internal calculations are being done. Now in 8085, to facilitate such an operation, SBB instruction has been provided to subtract two numbers along with the borrow value. SBB is a mnemonic that stands for ...
Read MoreInstruction type INX rp in 8085 Microprocessor
In 8085 Instruction set, INX is a mnemonic that stands for “INcrementeXtended register” and rp stands for register pair. And it can be any one of the following register pairs. rp = BC, DE, or HL This instruction will be used to add 1 to the present content of the rp. And thus the result of the incremented content will remain stored in rp itself. Though it is an arithmetic instruction, note that, flag bits are not at all affected by the execution of this instruction. A register pair is generally used to store 16-bit memory address. If ...
Read MoreInplace operator in Python
Definition - In-place operation is an operation that changes directly the content of a given linear algebra, vector, matrices(Tensor) without making a copy. The operators which helps to do the operation is called in-place operator. Eg: a+= b is equivalent to a= operator.iadd(a, b) There are some operators are used for In-place operation. iadd() This function is used to assign the current value and add them. This operator does x+=y operation. In case of strings, numbers assigning is not performed. Example a =operator.iadd(1, 3); print ("The result after adding : ", end="") print(a) Output ...
Read MoreInstruction type DAD rp in 8085 Microprocessor
In spite of the fact that 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor, but there are some instructions are there available in the 8085 instruction set which can do 16-bit additions also. As the 8085 internal architecture is only 8-bits, this instruction easily takes double the time needed to add two 8-bit numbers. Here, DAD is a mnemonic, which stands for Double ADd and also rp stands for any one of the following register pairs as mentioned below. rp = BC, DE, or HL As rp can have any of the three values, there are three opcodes for this type ...
Read MoreInstruction type RAL in 8085 Microprocessor
In 8085 Instruction set, there is another mnemonic RAL, which stands or Rotate Accumulator Left and also involving Cy flag in rotation. It rotates the Accumulator contents to the left by 1-bit position. The following Fig. is depicting the execution logic of the instruction.From the Fig. we can see that the due to left rotation the bit which is coming out from the most significant place will be copied to the Cy flag bit. And the previous Cy bit will be moved to least significant bit place of the Accumulator. Thus it is a 9-bit rotation of Accumulator and Cy ...
Read MoreInstruction type PUSH rp in 8085 Microprocessor
In 8085 Instruction set, PUSH rp instruction stores contents of register pair rp by pushing it into two locations above the top of the stack. rp stands for one of the following register pairs. rp = BC, DE, HL, or PSW As rp can have any of the four values, there are four opcodes for this type of instruction. It occupies only 1-Byte in memory. Mnemonics, Operand Opcode(in HEX) Bytes PUSH B C5 1 PUSH D D5 1 PUSH H E5 1 PUSH PSW F5 1 ...
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