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File transfer using UDP in C enables transferring files between client and server using User Datagram Protocol. This implementation includes XOR encryption for basic security and handles file existence checking. Syntax int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol); int sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags, const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen); int recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flags, struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen); Algorithm The server starts and waits for a filename from the client. The client sends a filename to the server. The server receives the filename ... Read More
The CSS animation-iteration-count property specifies the number of times an animation should be played. By default, animations run once, but you can control how many times they repeat. Syntax selector { animation-iteration-count: value; } Possible Values ValueDescription numberSpecifies how many times the animation should be played (e.g., 1, 2, 3) infiniteThe animation will repeat forever Example: Finite Iteration Count The following example shows an animation that runs exactly 3 times − .box { ... Read More
The CSS background-origin property with the border-box value specifies that the background image should start from the upper left corner of the border area. This allows the background to extend under the border, creating a unique visual effect where the background is visible through transparent or partially transparent borders. Syntax selector { background-origin: border-box; } Example: Comparing Background Origin Values The following example demonstrates the difference between padding-box, border-box, and content-box values − .demo-box { ... Read More
The 2's complement number system is widely implemented in computer architecture for representing signed integers. In an N-bit 2's complement system, numbers can be represented from -2n-1 to 2n-1 - 1. For example − 4-bit system represents numbers from -8 to 7 5-bit system represents numbers from -16 to 15 Overflow occurs when adding two N-bit 2's complement numbers and the result is too large to fit into the N-bit representation. Syntax // Overflow detection formula overflow = carry_in_msb ^ carry_out_msb Understanding Overflow A computer uses N-bit fixed registers. ... Read More
The CSS [attribute*="value"] selector is used to select elements whose attribute value contains a specified substring. This attribute selector is particularly useful when you need to target elements based on partial attribute matches. Syntax [attribute*="value"] { /* CSS properties */ } Where attribute is the HTML attribute name and value is the substring to search for within that attribute's value. Example: Selecting Links Containing "java" The following example demonstrates how to select all anchor elements whose href attribute contains the substring "java" − ... Read More
The CSS animation-fill-mode property with the forwards value is used to retain the style values that are set by the last keyframe when the animation completes. This prevents the element from reverting to its original state after the animation ends. Syntax selector { animation-fill-mode: forwards; } Example The following example demonstrates how an element retains the final animation state using animation-fill-mode: forwards − .animated-box { ... Read More
The Barabási-Albert model is one of the most important models for generating scale-free networks. It combines two fundamental concepts: growth and preferential attachment. Growth means that the number of nodes in the network increases over time, while preferential attachment means that highly connected nodes are more likely to receive new connections. This model simulates real-world networks where popular nodes (like well-known websites or influential people) attract more connections than less popular ones, following the "rich get richer" principle. Syntax // Basic structure for BA model implementation typedef struct { int **adjacencyMatrix; ... Read More
The CSS animation-fill-mode property with the value both extends animation properties in both directions − applying styles from the first keyframe before the animation starts and retaining styles from the last keyframe after the animation completes. Syntax selector { animation-fill-mode: both; } How it Works When animation-fill-mode: both is applied − Before animation: The element adopts styles from the first keyframe (0% or from) After animation: The element retains styles from the last keyframe (100% or to) Example The following example demonstrates extending animation properties ... Read More
The CSS animation-fill-mode property defines which values are applied by the animation before it starts and after it ends. This property controls whether an element retains the animation's initial or final styles when the animation is not running. Syntax selector { animation-fill-mode: value; } Possible Values ValueDescription noneDefault. Animation does not apply any styles before or after execution forwardsElement retains the styles from the last keyframe after animation ends backwardsElement gets the styles from the first keyframe before animation starts bothAnimation follows rules for both forwards and backwards ... Read More
In this problem, we have a binary string consisting of only 0's and 1's, along with M non-intersecting ranges [A1, B1], [A2, B2], ..., [AM, BM]. We need to rearrange the string to maximize the sum within the given ranges while ensuring the result is lexicographically maximum. Syntax char* arrangeString(char* binaryStr, int ranges[][2], int m); Algorithm The approach involves two main steps − First, fill all the given ranges with 1's to maximize the sum Then, place remaining 1's from left to right to achieve lexicographical maximum Example 1: Basic ... Read More