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Utilisation of Electrical Power Articles
Page 9 of 12
Electric Traction: Steam Engine Drive, Diesel Engine Drive and Electric Drive
What are Traction Systems?The word "traction" means the action of pulling an object over a surface, especially a road or track. The action of propelling vehicles by electric power derived from overhead wires, third rail, storage batteries or diesel generators mounted on the vehicles is known as electric traction. In simple words, the traction system which uses electric power for its operation is known as electric traction.The electric traction system is widely used in electric trains, tramcars, trolley buses and hybrid vehicles, etc.Traction systems can either be electric or non-electric depending on the type of source from where they draw ...
Read MoreCompact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) – Construction, Working and Applications
A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) is a type of fluorescent lamp that has been compressed into the size of an ordinary incandescent lamp. It works on the principle of gas discharge, i.e., ionization of gas by the electric current.The modern CFL was invented by Edward E. Hammer in 1973.CFLs are the lamps of choice for those looking for an energy efficient alternative to incandescent lamps.CFLs consume very less power than an incandescent lamp.The increasing variety of shape and color and small size of CFL have made them more versatile and acceptable than the conventional long tube fluorescent lamps.Construction and Working ...
Read MoreWhat is a Photometer? – Principle, working and Types
Photometry and PhotometerThe measurement of light's brightness or luminous intensity is known as photometry. Photometry focuses on the perceived brightness to the human eyes. The photometry takes into account the eye's sensitivity to varying degrees of light and focuses primarily on the visible light spectrum.Thus, the photometry involves the measurement of candle power. The candle power of a given source of light in any given direction is measured by comparison with a standard source. In order to eliminate the errors in the measurement of the candle power, the measurement is performed in a dark room with dead black walls."The device ...
Read MoreWhat is Seam Welding? – Working and Applications
Seam WeldingThe welding process in which two similar or dissimilar materials are joined at the seam by the application of heat generated from electrical resistance is known as seam welding. The seam welding is a types of resistance welding, in which weld is produced by roller electrodes instead of tipped electrodes.Most seam welding processes produce a continuous or intermittent seam weld near the edge of two overlapped metals by using two machine driven roller electrodes. As in the seam welding process, the roller electrodes move over the metal workpieces, the workpieces are under pressure and the current passing through them ...
Read MoreWhat is Polar Curve in Illumination?
Polar CurvesThe plots drawn between the candle power and angular position are known as polar curves. Due to unsymmetrical shape of the lamps, the luminous intensity is not uniform in all directions. The luminous intensity in all directions can be represented with the help of polar curves.The polar curves are drawn by taking the luminous intensities in various directions at an equal angular displacement in the sphere. A radial ordinate pointing in any particular direction on a polar curve represents the luminous intensity of the source when it is viewed from the direction.Therefore, the polar curves are classified into two ...
Read MoreWhat is Laser Beam Welding? – Process, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications
Laser Beam Welding (LBW) is a fusion welding process in which multiple pieces of metal are joined together through the use of laser. In LBW, the laser beam acts as a concentrated source of heat, which allows narrow, deep welds and high welding rates. The laser beam welding process is frequently used in high volume applications, such as in the automotive industry.Laser Beam Welding ProcessThe figure shows the schematic diagram of the laser beam welding (LBW).The main parts of the set up used for the laser beam welding are as follows −Laser Machine – It is the machine that is ...
Read MoreWhat is Lambert's Cosine Law? (Laws of Illumination)
The light received by any surface depends upon the angle made by the normal to the surface, to the light flux. The Lambert's cosine law of illumination explains the relation between the illumination of the surface and the cosine of the angle.StatementThe Lambert's cosine law of illumination states that"The illumination of a surface is directly proportional to the cosine of the angle between the normal to the surface and the direction of incident light".That is, $$\mathrm{\mathit{E}\propto cos\, \theta \: \: \: \cdot \cdot \cdot \left ( 1 \right )}$$ExplanationCase I – Consider a surface that is normal to the luminous ...
Read MoreWhat is Flash Welding? – Parts, Process, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications
Flash WeldingFlash welding, also called flash butt welding, is a resistance welding process, in which the ends of the workpieces are pressed together and a heavy electric current is passed through the joint during the welding process.In flash welding, the electrical current is applied to the workpieces before they are brought together so that when they meet arcing (or flashing) takes place.Parts of Flash WeldingThe main parts of the flash welding process are described below −Power Supply – An AC power supply is used to provide power for the flash welding or flash butt welding.Welding Transformer – A welding transformer ...
Read MoreWhat is Electrolysis? – Definition, Principle, and Process
What is Electrolysis?The process of electrolysis can be defined in many ways −A technique that uses a direct electric current to stimulate a non-spontaneous chemical reaction is known as electrolysis.In other words, the process in which ionic substances are decomposed into simple substances by passing an electric current through them is known as electrolysis.Or, electrolysis is the process based on the fact that electrical energy can produce chemical changes, i.e., it can cause a chemical reaction to happen.Principle of ElectrolysisThe principle of electrolysis is based on the term "Electrolyte". An electrolyte is a substance containing free ions that make the ...
Read MoreCommon Faults and Treatment Methods of Fluorescent Lamp
A low-pressure mercury vapor gas discharge lamp that uses fluorescence effect to produce visible light is known as fluorescent lamp or fluorescent tube.There are some common faults in case of the fluorescent lamps. These faults, their reasons and treatment methods are described in the following table −Type of FaultReasons of FaultTreatment or Repairing MethodsThe fluorescent lamp does not start.Loose and defective holders.Defective fluorescent tube.Defective starter switch.Defective choke.Turn the tube through 90° and check the connections and holders.Replace the tube.Try another starter switch / replace the starter switch.Replace the choke.Fluorescent lamp blinking ON and OFFLoose contacts.Wrong circuit connections.Low supply voltageDefective starter.Defective ...
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