Found 123 Articles for Utilisation of Electrical Power

The flooding of large surfaces with light through powerful projectors, where the light sources are concentrated into narrow light beams using specific reflectors is known as flood lighting. Flood lighting is an artificial light with high-intensity, broad beam.Purpose of Flood LightingThe flood lighting may be employed for the following purposes −To enhance the beauty of the ancient monuments at night.To illuminate the railway yards, car parking, sport stadiums, construction sites, etc.To illuminate the advertising boards and show-cases, etc.Location and Mounting of ProjectorsIn practice, there are two possible locations of projectors for flood lighting, which are −For small buildings, uniform flood ... Read More

Flash WeldingFlash welding, also called flash butt welding, is a resistance welding process, in which the ends of the workpieces are pressed together and a heavy electric current is passed through the joint during the welding process.In flash welding, the electrical current is applied to the workpieces before they are brought together so that when they meet arcing (or flashing) takes place.Parts of Flash WeldingThe main parts of the flash welding process are described below −Power Supply – An AC power supply is used to provide power for the flash welding or flash butt welding.Welding Transformer – A welding transformer ... Read More

What is Electrolysis?The process of electrolysis can be defined in many ways −A technique that uses a direct electric current to stimulate a non-spontaneous chemical reaction is known as electrolysis.In other words, the process in which ionic substances are decomposed into simple substances by passing an electric current through them is known as electrolysis.Or, electrolysis is the process based on the fact that electrical energy can produce chemical changes, i.e., it can cause a chemical reaction to happen.Principle of ElectrolysisThe principle of electrolysis is based on the term "Electrolyte". An electrolyte is a substance containing free ions that make the ... Read More

What is Butt Welding?Butt welding is one of the simplest and versatile resistance welding process. In the butt welding process, heat is produced by the contact resistance between two metal workpieces. The faces of the workpieces should be machined or edge prepared.The circuit diagram for butt welding process is shown in the figure.In butt welding, the two workpieces are brought together and mechanical pressure is applied along the axial direction by a spring.A welding transformer is used that is having larger number of turns in the primary winding and smaller number of turns in secondary winding.A heavy current is passed ... Read More

The process of deposition of an oxide film on a metal surface is known as anodizing. The anodizing is an electrolytic passivation process, mainly used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of the metal.This process is called anodizing because the metal part to be treated forms the anode electrode of the electric circuit of the process. The anodizing increases the corrosion resistance and wear resistance and provides better adhesion for paint primers and glues as compared to the bare metal.Requirements of AnodizingThe anodizing of metals is used for the following requirements −To provide the ... Read More

An electric light bulb or lamp that produces light by heating a filament wire to a high temperature until it glows is known as incandescent bulb. The incandescent bulb was invented by an American inventor, named Thomas Alva Edison.The incandescent bulb is an electric lamp that works on the principle of incandescence that means it emits light by the heating of a filament. The incandescent lamps come in different sizes with different voltages and wattages.Construction of Incandescent LampThe construction and the parts of an incandescent lamp is shown in the figure below.The most important part of the incandescent lamp is ... Read More

An electric heating appliance that is used to heat up water is known as electric water heater. The electric water heater brings cold water in through the dip tube and heats this water using the heat produced by an electric heating element and the heated water taken out through outlet pipes.Electric water heaters are classified into three types viz. −Normal Plate HeaterImmersion HeaterGeyser Water HeaterLet's check each of these types of water heaters in detail.Normal Plate HeaterThe normal plate water heater is the simplest types of water heater. It consists of two round shaped plates made up of nickel. These ... Read More

A sodium vapor lamp is type of gas-discharge lamp that uses sodium (Na) in an exciting condition to produce light of thick blue color. The first sodium vapor lamp was commercially designed by Philips in 1932 in Holland.Circuit Diagram of Sodium Vapor LampThe circuit diagram and the construction of a sodium vapor lamp is shown in the figure below.As the sodium vapor lamp is a lamp of low luminosity, its length is large. To get the desired length, the sodium vapor lamp is made in the form of a U-tube. It has two oxide-coated electrodes which are sealed with the ... Read More

A gas discharge lamp that uses an electric arc through the vaporized mercury to produce light is known as mercury vapor lamp. The operation of the mercury vapor lamp is based on the excitation of atom of some gaseous medium. Also, the frequency and the wavelength of the radiation given out by different atoms of the gaseous medium depend upon the level of their excitation.Construction of Mercury Vapor LampThe construction and circuit for a mercury vapor lamp is shown in the figure below.It consists of an inner tube containing mercury vapor and it is made of hard glass.It also has ... Read More

A halogen lamp or tungsten halogen lamp is an incandescent lamp. The halogen lamp consists of a tungsten filament enclosed in an environment of an inert gas like argon and a small amount of a halogen like bromine or iodine. The combination of the tungsten filament and the halogen results in a chemical reaction (called regenerative cycle or halogen cycle).This regenerative cycle increases the life span of the filament. Also, the halogen cycle prevents the darkening of the lamp envelope by redepositing the tungsten from the inside of the lamp back onto the filament.Working Principle of Halogen LampThe working of ... Read More