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Server Side Programming Articles
Page 1161 of 2109
How to create a dummy variable in R?
A dummy variable is a type of variable that takes a value of 1 if the value for which the dummy variable is created exists in the data frame, otherwise it takes 0. Therefore, if we have a one binary variable in a data frame then there will be two dummy variables for the same. To create a dummy variable, we can use model.matrix function as shown in the below examples.Consider the below data frame −ExampleTemp
Read MoreHow to convert NaN to NA in an R data frame?
To convert NaN to NA in an R data frame, we can set the NaN values to NA values by using single square brackets. Firstly, we would need to access the column that contains NaN values then NaN values will be accessed using is.nan then we can set those values to NA as shown in the below examples.Consider the below data frame −Examplex1
Read MoreHow to extract the closest value to a certain value in each category in an R data frame?
In Data Analysis, we often deal with the comparison of values and this comparison could be also done after finding the closest value to a certain value that might be threshold. For this purpose, we can use filter function of dplyr package along with abs and min function, the abs and min function are required to create the formula for finding the closest value.Consider the below data frame −ExampleCategory
Read MoreHow to create the random sample by defining the probabilities for each unit in R?
The random sample can be created by using sample function, this random sample gives equal chance for each unit to be selected in the sample, hence it is called simple random sample. If we want to have a sample where each unit has different chance of being selected in the sample then we need to use the argument prob as shown in the below examples.Example1x1
Read MoreHow to access the table values in R?
Sometimes we want to extract table values, especially in cases when we have a big table. This helps us to understand the frequency for a particular item in the table. To access the table values, we can use single square brackets. For example, if we have a table called TABLE then the first element of the table can accessed by using TABLE[1].Example1x1
Read MoreHow to create a sequence increasing by 1 in R?
If a sequence is increasing by 1 that means for every value the total number of values increases by that much. For example, the values 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 are creating a sequence of values starting from 1 to 5. To create such type of sequences in R, we can simply use sequence function and pass the range as sequence(1:5).Examplex1
Read MoreHow to put space between words that start with uppercase letter in string vector in R?
To put space between words that start with uppercase letter in string vector in R, we can use gsub function. Since we can have uppercase letters as well as lowercase letters in the string vector hence, we need to properly specify both type of characters for creating the space between words. Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Examplex1
Read MoreHow to extract strings that contains a particular substring in an R vector?
Suppose we have a vector that contains multiple string elements and we want to find out which string element has a particular substring. This can be done with the help of grep function. For example, if we have a vector called x that contains five string elements each of varying length then finding which of the elements has a substring say programming then it can be done by using the command grep("programming",x,fixed=TRUE)Examplex1
Read MoreHow to extract statistical summary from boxplot in R?
To extract statistical summary from boxplot we can use stats function with delta operator. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains 5 columns then the boxplot for each column can be created by using the command boxplot(df) and if we want to extract the statistical summary from this boxplot then boxplot(df)$stats can be used.Consider the below data frame −Exampledf
Read MoreHow to create combination of multiple vectors in R?
To create combination of multiple vectors, we can use expand.grid function. For example, if we have six vectors say x, y, z, a, b, and c then the combination of vectors can be created by using the command expand.grid(x,y,z,a,b,c).Examplex1
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