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R Programming Articles
Page 44 of 174
How to add an extra point to scatterplot using ggplot2 in R?
To add an extra point to scatterplot using ggplot2, we can still use geom_point function. We just need to use aes function for quoting with new values for the variables, also we can change the color of this point using colour argument. The display of an extra point will help us to distinguish between a threshold/new value and remaining values.Consider the below data frame −Examplex
Read MoreHow to use pnorm function on data frame columns in R?
The pnorm function is used to find the probability for a normally distributed random variable. Probabilities such as less than mean, greater than mean, or probability between left- and right-hand side of the mean. If we want to use pnorm function on data frame columns then apply function can help us.Consider the below data frame −Examplex1
Read MoreHow to convert binary variable to 0/1 format in an R data frame?
A binary variable is a type of variable that can take only two possible values like gender that has two categories male and female, citizenship of a country with two categories as yes and no, etc. If the binary variable is not in 0/1 format then it can be converted with the help of ifelse function. Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Consider the below data frame −ExampleTemp
Read MoreHow to create a dummy variable in R?
A dummy variable is a type of variable that takes a value of 1 if the value for which the dummy variable is created exists in the data frame, otherwise it takes 0. Therefore, if we have a one binary variable in a data frame then there will be two dummy variables for the same. To create a dummy variable, we can use model.matrix function as shown in the below examples.Consider the below data frame −ExampleTemp
Read MoreHow to convert NaN to NA in an R data frame?
To convert NaN to NA in an R data frame, we can set the NaN values to NA values by using single square brackets. Firstly, we would need to access the column that contains NaN values then NaN values will be accessed using is.nan then we can set those values to NA as shown in the below examples.Consider the below data frame −Examplex1
Read MoreHow to replace a complete column in an R data frame?
To replace a complete column in an R data frame, we can set the original one to new values by using delta operator. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column x which 500 has values from normal distribution then to replace it with the normal distribution having a mean of 25 can be done as df$x
Read MoreHow to extract the closest value to a certain value in each category in an R data frame?
In Data Analysis, we often deal with the comparison of values and this comparison could be also done after finding the closest value to a certain value that might be threshold. For this purpose, we can use filter function of dplyr package along with abs and min function, the abs and min function are required to create the formula for finding the closest value.Consider the below data frame −ExampleCategory
Read MoreHow to create the random sample by defining the probabilities for each unit in R?
The random sample can be created by using sample function, this random sample gives equal chance for each unit to be selected in the sample, hence it is called simple random sample. If we want to have a sample where each unit has different chance of being selected in the sample then we need to use the argument prob as shown in the below examples.Example1x1
Read MoreHow to access the table values in R?
Sometimes we want to extract table values, especially in cases when we have a big table. This helps us to understand the frequency for a particular item in the table. To access the table values, we can use single square brackets. For example, if we have a table called TABLE then the first element of the table can accessed by using TABLE[1].Example1x1
Read MoreHow to create a sequence increasing by 1 in R?
If a sequence is increasing by 1 that means for every value the total number of values increases by that much. For example, the values 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 are creating a sequence of values starting from 1 to 5. To create such type of sequences in R, we can simply use sequence function and pass the range as sequence(1:5).Examplex1
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