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R Programming Articles
Page 39 of 174
How to display negative labels below bars in barplot using ggplot2 in R?
Be default, the labels on the plot are represented without sign in a barplot that is created by using ggplot2 but we might want to display the sign of the labels especially in cases where we have some negative values. This can be done with the help of geom_text function of ggplot2 package as shown in the below example.Consider the below data frame −Examplex
Read MoreHow to remove duplicate rows in an R data frame if exists in two columns?
If two values are repeated in a column that means there are many same values in that column but if those values are repeated in column as well as rows then they are called duplicated rows in two columns. To remove duplicate rows in an R data frame if exists in two columns, we can use duplicated function as shown in the below examples.Consider the below data frame −Examplex1
Read MoreHow to create boxplot for a list object in base R?
A list object can contain multiple elements of data, also the size of the data may vary. If a list object has numerical vectors then the boxplot for each of the elements can be created simply by using boxplot function. For example, if we have a list object called LIST that contains five numerical vectors then the boxplot for each of the vectors can be created by using the command boxplot(LIST)ExampleList
Read MoreHow to change the default type of points for scatterplot using ggplot2 in R?
To change the defaults for ggplot2 geoms, we need to use update_geom_defaults function. If we want to change the shape of points for scatterplot, we can use the below syntax −update_geom_defaults("point",list(shape=”point_shape_number”))The point shape number ranges from 0 to 25. We can change that according to our need.Consider the below data frame −Examplex
Read MoreHow to create boxplot for list elements using ggplot2 in R?
If list elements are of equal size having numerical values then the boxplot for each element can be created by using ggplot2 but before creating the boxplot we would need to convert the list to a data frame. The conversion of list elements to a data frame will be done by unlisting of elements and creating two columns, one for categories and one for response variable. Check out the below example to understand how it works.Consider the below list −ExampleList
Read MoreHow to extract axes labels for the plot drawn using ggplot2 in R?
When we create a plot using ggplot2, the axes labels are automatically generated for both the axes. We might want to use those axes labels for report writing or some other purpose, therefore, extraction of those labels for a plot created by using ggplot2 package can be found by using the ggplot_build function as shown in the below example but we need to save the plot in an object.Consider the below data frame −Examplex
Read MoreHow to multiply only one column in an R data frame with a number?
To multiply only one column with a number, we can simply use the multiplication operator * but need to replace the original column with the new values. For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains three columns x1, x2, and x3, and we want to multiply the second column x2 with 2 then it can be done as df$x2
Read MoreHow to create a combination of pairs from a vector in R?
To create a combination of pairs, we can use the combn function. This function will be helpful to use the vector length and the value 2 that represents a pair to create the combinations. Although, this is enough but we can transpose the output to get a better−looking output.Example1x1
Read MoreHow to increase the X-axis length of histogram in base R?
To increase the X-axis length of histogram in base R, we can use the axis function. The most important thing to remember while using the axis function is mentioning the appropriate sequence based on the values in the vector or in the column of the data frame if a data frame is used.Examplex
Read MoreHow to set the plot area to assign the plots manually in base R?
We can split the screen to assign the plots manually in the plot area. The split.screen function can be used for this purpose. For example, if we want to create 4 plots in the plot window then we can use split.screen(c(2, 2)). Now to create the plot in first screen the command will be screen(1) then plot will be created. If we again create the plot then the original plot in screen(1) will be replaced with the new one. To create the plot in 3rd screen that is screen(3), we first need to use the command screen(3) and then create ...
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