Programming Articles - Page 2526 of 3366

Here we will see how to get the differences between first and last X digits of a number N. The number and X are given. To solve this problem, we have to find the length of the number, then cut the last x digits using modulus operator. After that cut all digits from the number except first x digits. Then get the difference, and return the result. Let the number is N = 568424. The X is 2 so first two digits are 56, and last two digits are 24. The difference is (56 - 24) = 32.AlgorithmdiffFirstLastDigits(N, X)begin   ... Read More

In this section we will see how to get the absolute difference between the sum of the roots and the products of the root of a quartic equation?The quartic equation is like 𝑎𝑥4+𝑏𝑥3+𝑐𝑥2+𝑑𝑥+𝑒We can solve the equation and then try to get the product and sum of the roots by some normal process, but that takes much time and that approach is not so efficient. In this kind of equation, we have two formulae. The Sum of roots are always −𝑏∕𝑎 and the product of roots are always 𝑒∕𝑎 . So we have to find only the value of ∣−𝑏∕𝑎− ... Read More

Here we will see some improvements on selection sort. As we know that the selection sort works by taking either the minimum or maximum element from the array and place that element at correct position. In this approach, we want to sort the array in both ways. Here we will take the max and min simultaneously, then sort the array from two end. Let us see the algorithm to get better idea.AlgorithmtwoWaySelectionSort(arr, n)begin    for i := 0, and j := n-1, increase i by 1, and decrease j by 1, until i>=j, do       min := minimum ... Read More

Here we will see one program that can tell whether two strings are rotation of each other or not. The rotation of strings is like −Suppose two strings are S1 = ‘HELLO’, and S2 = ‘LOHEL’ So they are rotation of each other. By rotating HELLO three position to the left it will be LOHEL.To solve this problem, we will concatenate the first string with itself, then check whether the second one is present in the concatenated string or not. So for HELLO, it will be HELLOHELLO. Then this concatenated string contains the LOHEL. [HELLOHELLO].AlgorithmisRotation(str1, str2)begin    if lengths of ... Read More

We know that the binary search algorithm is better than the linear search algorithm. This algorithm takes O(log n) amount of time to execute. Though most of the cases the implemented code has some problem. Let us consider one binary search algorithm function like below −Exampleint binarySearch(int array[], int start, int end, int key){    if(start key)          return binarySearch(array, start, mid-1, key);          return binarySearch(array, mid+1, end, key);    }    return -1; }This algorithm will work fine until the start and end reaches a large number. If the (start + end) ... Read More

In this section we will see one problem. Here n elements are given in an array. We have to check whether there is a permutation of that array exists, such that each element indicates the number of elements present either before or after it.Suppose the array elements are {2, 1, 3, 3}. The appropriate permutation is like {3, 1, 2, 3}. Here the first 3 is indicating there are three elements next of it, the 1 indicates there is only one element before this. The 2 indicates there are two elements before it and the last 3 indicates that there ... Read More

In this section we will see how we can generate the gray codes of n bits using backtracking approach? The n bit gray code is basically bit patterns from 0 to 2^n – 1 such that successive patterns differ by one bit. So for n = 2, the gray codes are (00, 01, 11, 10) and decimal equivalent is (0, 1, 3, 2). The program will generate the decimal equivalent of the gray code values.AlgorithmgenerateGray(arr, n, num)begin    if n = 0, then       insert num into arr       return    end if    generateGray(arr, n-1, ... Read More

Here we will see five different ways to get the string lengths in C++. In C++ we can use the traditional character array string, and C++ also has String class. In different area there are different methods of calculating the string lengths. The C++ String class has length() and size() function. These can be used to get the length of a string type object. To get the length of the traditional C like strings, we can use the strlen() function. That is present under the cstring header file. Another two approaches are straight forward. One by using the while loop, ... Read More

In C and C++ there are some function specifiers. The function specifiers are used to specify the functions property. C++ has inline function specifier. In C there is _Noreturn function specifier. This is used to denote that one function will not return anything.Example Live Demo#include int myAdd(int a, int b){    return a + b; } main() {    int x = 10, y = 20;    printf("The value is: %d", myAdd(x, y)); }OutputThe value is: 30If the _Noreturn is used it will display some warning and the program will be terminated with some error.Example#include _Noreturn int myAdd(int a, int b){ ... Read More

As we know that the Macros are used in C or C++, but there is no facility for type checking. The macros can take any type of argument in it. The following example will show this case clearly.Example Live Demo#include #define INCREMENT(X) ++X main() {    int x = 5; float y = 2.56; char z = 'A';    printf("Integer Increment: %d", INCREMENT(x));    printf("Float Increment: %f", INCREMENT(y));    printf("Character Increment: %c", INCREMENT(z)); }OutputInteger Increment: 6 Float Increment: 3.560000 Character Increment: BThat is the problem of macro. In the later version of C, we can use macro by using ‘_Generic’ keyword. ... Read More