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MCA Articles
Page 34 of 95
Difference between WiFi and LiFi
WiFi and LiFi are two wireless communication technologies that enable data transmission without physical cables. WiFi uses radio frequency signals through routers, while LiFi utilizes light signals through LED bulbs to transfer data. Both technologies serve the purpose of wireless connectivity but operate on fundamentally different principles and offer distinct advantages and limitations. WiFi vs LiFi Technology Comparison WiFi Technology Router ...
Read MoreDifference between BlueTooth and UWB
Both Bluetooth and Ultra-Wideband (UWB) are wireless technologies that enable devices to communicate over short distances using radio signals. Bluetooth is a mature wireless standard designed for connecting devices in personal area networks, while UWB is an emerging technology that uses extremely wide frequency bands with precise positioning capabilities. This article explores the key features of both technologies and examines their fundamental differences in terms of range, accuracy, power consumption, and applications. What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth was developed under the IEEE 802.15.1 standard for wireless communication via radio transmissions. First introduced in 1994 as a wireless replacement ...
Read MoreDifference between Web Browser and Web Server.
The terms web browser and web server are fundamental concepts in web technology that work together to deliver content over the Internet. A web browser is client-side application software that requests, retrieves, and displays web pages, while a web server is server-side software that hosts websites and responds to browser requests by sending the requested web content. Understanding the distinction between these two components is essential for grasping how web communication works in a client-server architecture. Web Browser and Web Server Communication Web Browser ...
Read MoreDifference between Workstation and Server.
A workstation is a high-performance computer designed for individual use in professional environments, while a server is a computer or software system that provides services and resources to multiple client devices across a network. Understanding the differences between workstations and servers is essential for making informed decisions about network infrastructure and computing resources in business environments. What is a Server? A server is a computer, device, or program responsible for managing network resources and providing services to client machines. Servers are dedicated systems that respond to requests from multiple clients simultaneously. Resource management − ...
Read MoreArbitration Inter-Frame Spacing (AIFS)
Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing (AIFS) is a quality of service mechanism used in IEEE 802.11e WLAN standard (Wi-Fi) to provide differentiated channel access at the medium access control (MAC) layer. It determines the time interval that a station must wait before transmitting, prioritizing stations based on their Access Category (AC). How AIFS Works In wireless communication, collision detection is difficult due to the hidden node problem and signal fading. Therefore, collision avoidance schemes are essential when multiple stations compete for channel access. AIFS assigns different waiting periods to frames based on their priority level, ensuring that time-sensitive traffic like ...
Read MoreRate Anomaly in CSMA/CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is a network protocol for carrier transmission that operates in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. CSMA/CA prevents collisions prior to their occurrence and is ideally used in wireless communications. Rate anomaly occurs when the performance of a high-speed station is impaired due to a low-speed station, thus reducing the average throughput of the entire wireless network. This phenomenon significantly affects network efficiency in mixed-rate environments. How Rate Anomaly Occurs The CSMA/CA protocol allows each station to send a single frame at a time. Before sending a frame, the ...
Read MoreExtended Inter-Frame Spacing (EIFS)
Extended Inter-Frame Spacing (EIFS) is a waiting period used in the MAC layer of IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network (WLAN) standard. It is an additional waiting period used in addition to the mandatory DIFS technique when frames are corrupted or cannot be properly decoded. DIFS (Distributed Coordination Function Inter-Frame Spacing) is inserted before sending frames to avoid collisions in areas where Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used. EIFS is specifically used when a station receives erroneous or corrupted frames that it cannot decode properly. How EIFS Works In normal frame delivery, the ...
Read MoreTransmission opportunity (TXOP)
Transmit opportunity (TXOP) is a MAC layer feature used in IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area networks (WLANs). TXOP defines the time duration for which a station can send frames after it has gained contention for the transmission medium. By providing this contention-free time period, TXOP aims to increase the throughput of high priority data, such as voice and video. TXOP is available in Quality of Service (QoS) as part of Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA), which provides differentiated access to the wireless medium based on traffic categories. TXOP Time Allocation by Access Category ...
Read MoreInter – frame spaces (RIFS, SIFS, PIFS, DIFS, AIFS, EIFS)
Inter-frame spaces (IFS) are waiting periods between transmission of frames in the medium access control (MAC) sublayer where carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used. These are techniques used to prevent collisions as defined in IEEE 802.11-based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi). IFS is the time period between completion of the transmission of the last frame and starting transmission of the next frame, apart from the variable back-off period. Different types of IFS provide priority mechanisms, with shorter durations indicating higher priority access to the wireless medium. Inter-frame Spaces Priority Order Higher ...
Read MoreThe 802.11 Frame Structure
The IEEE 802.11 standard defines the architecture and specifications of wireless local area networks (WLANs). WLAN or WiFi uses high frequency radio waves instead of cables for connecting devices in a LAN. Users connected by WLANs can move around within the area of network coverage. The 802.11 MAC sublayer provides an abstraction of the physical layer to the logical link control sublayer and upper layers of the OSI network. It is responsible for encapsulating frames and describing frame formats. MAC Sublayer Frame Structure of IEEE 802.11 The main fields of a frame in WLANs as laid down ...
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