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Economics & Finance
Electron Articles
Page 9 of 19
Economic Choice of Conductor Size – Kelvin's Law (Economics of Power Transmission)
The cost of conductor material required for designing a transmission line is a very considerable part of the total cost of a transmission line. Therefore, the determination of proper size of the conductor for the transmission line is very important. The proper size of the conductor for transmission line is determined by the Kelvin’s law (given by Lord Kelvin in 1881).The Kelvin’s law states that the most economical area of conductor is that for which the total annual cost of transmission line is minimum.The total annual cost of the transmission line can be divided into two parts viz. −Annual charges ...
Read MoreDiminishing Value Method of Calculating Depreciation
Depreciation of Power Plant EquipmentThe reduction in the value of the equipment and other property of the power station every year is known as depreciation. Therefore, a suitable amount, called depreciation charge, must be set aside annually so that by the time the life span of the power plant is over, the collected amount equals to the cost of the replacement of the power plant.Diminishing Value Method of DepreciationIn the diminishing value method for calculating the depreciation, the depreciation charge is made every year at a fixed rate on the diminished value of the equipment, i.e. the depreciation charge is ...
Read MoreConductor Material Required in Overhead DC Transmission System
Overhead DC Transmission SystemThe overhead transmission system is the one in which the conductors are hanged with the help of pole supports. When the transmission lines carry direct current, then the system is called the DC transmission system.There are three types of overhead DC transmission systems viz. −Two wire DC system with one conductor earthedTwo wire DC system with mid-point earthedThree wire DC systemConductor Material Required in Two-Wire DC System with One Conductor EarthedConsider a two wire DC system with one conductor earthed as shown in Figure-1. Here, one is the positive wire and the other is the negative wire ...
Read MoreConductor Material Required in Overhead Two-Phase AC Transmission System
Two Phase AC Transmission SystemWhen the transmission system consists of two line conductors for the transmission of AC electric power from generating station to the substations for its distribution, it is called the two phase AC transmission system.Depending upon the number of conductors used, the two phase AC transmission system is of two types, viz. −Two Phase Three Wire AC SystemTwo Phase Four Wire AC SystemConductor Material Required in Two Phase Three Wire AC SystemConsider a two-phase three-wire AC system as shown in Figure-1.There are two line conductors and one neutral wire is taken from the junction of two-phase windings ...
Read MoreTypes of Power Plants for Energy Generation
Power Plant or Power StationA power plant or power station or generating station is an industrial facility for the generation of electrical power.A typical generating station or power plant consists of a prime mover (ex. steam turbine, water turbine, etc.) which is coupled to an alternator. The prime mover converts the energy from some source (ex. coal, water, radioactive materials, etc.) into mechanical energy. The alternator converts mechanical energy of the prime mover into electrical energy. The electrical energy produced by the alternator is transmitted and distributed with the help of conductors to the consumers.Apart from the prime mover and ...
Read MoreWhat are Load Curves?
Load CurvesThe graph which shows the variation of load on the power station with respect to time is called the load curve of the power station.The load on a power station does not remain constant; it changes from time to time. These changes in the load on a power station during whole day (i.e. for 24 hours) are recorded half-hourly or hourly and are plotted with respect to time on the graph. The obtained graph is called the daily load curve of the power plant.The daily load curve shows the variation of load with respect to time during the day. ...
Read MoreThermal Power Station – Definition, Working, Efficiency, Advantages & Disadvantages
The thermal power plant is a generating station which converts the heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy. The block diagram of a typical thermal power plant is shown in the figure below.The thermal power plant works on the Rankine cycle. In the thermal power plant, the steam is produced in the boiler by burning of coal. This steam runs the steam turbine which converts steam energy into mechanical energy. After the steam is expanded in the turbine, it is condensed in a condenser to be fed into the boiler again. The steam turbine drives the alternator which converts ...
Read MoreWhat are the three major components of Electrical Power System?
The function of an electrical power system is to connect the power generating station to a large number of consumers by means of interconnected system of transmission and distribution networks.Therefore, a typical electrical power system has three main parts, viz. −The power generating station, The transmission systems, andThe distribution systems.The transmission system is the connecting link between the power generating station and the distribution system, while the distribution system is the connecting link between the consumer’s loads and the transmission systems.The following figure shows a single-line diagram or one-line diagram of a simple electric power system.Generally, the power generating station ...
Read MoreWhat are the components of a typical Nuclear Power Plant?
A nuclear power plant is a generating station which converts nuclear energy into electrical energy. The schematic diagram of a typical nuclear power station is shown in the figure. It mainly consists of the following parts −Nuclear ReactorHeat ExchangerSteam TurbineAlternator (or Electric Generator)Nuclear ReactorThe nuclear reactor is an apparatus in which nuclear fuel such as Uranium (U235) or Thorium (Th232) is subjected to nuclear fission. The nuclear reactor controls the chain reaction which starts once the fission of the fuel is done. If the chain reaction is not controlled, the result will be an explosion due to fast increase in ...
Read MoreNuclear Power Plant – Working, Advantages and Disadvantages
A power generating station which converts heat energy of the nuclear fission into electrical energy is called the nuclear power plant.The most important characteristic of a nuclear power plant is that a large amount of electrical energy can be produced from a relatively small amount of nuclear fuel. Therefore, the running cost of a nuclear power plant is lower than the thermal and diesel power plants.In practice, it has been found that the complete fission of 1 kg of Uranium (U235), which is a radioactive material can produce energy equivalent to that can be produced by the burning of 4500 ...
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