One common issue encountered during string manipulation assignments involves identifying the shortest substring containing every vowel atleast once. This task finds its application amongst varied domains such as data analytics, bioinformatics and natural language processing among others.The goal here is finding out which minimum contiguous section within an existing string has each of these five letters (a, e, i, o, u) atleast once.The selection process for resolving this challenge encompasses multitude techniques like implementing sliding window algorithms or incorporating hashing procedures or utilizing regular expressions etcetera.Finding a robust resolution for this problem typically becomes crucial since numerous real-world scenarios demand ... Read More

Mastercard is a multinational financial services company that has provided payment processing services to clients globally since its establishment in 1966. Its headquarters remain based in New York, USA. It marked as one of the biggest payment systems in the world, with rivals Visa and American Express. They stand out and are well fitted for both of the consumer and business need due to the large range of goods they provide, which may involve credit cards, debit cards, and prepaid cards. Among them are prepaid cards, debit cards, and credit cards. To distribute these card options globally, it works ... Read More

A binary string is a series of 0s and 1s in computer science and mathematics. The sum of two adjacent characters is indicated by sums of subsequent pairs of characters. For example to understand the below topic, the total number or digits of the succeeding pairs in the string "11010" is 1+1=2, 1+0=1, and 0+1=1. The goal is to locate a binary string that satisfies the specified frequencies using the frequencies of these sums as a guide. Applications of this issue can be found in fields like information theory and coding theory. Methods To find a binary string with given ... Read More

Visa credit or debit cards are assigned a 16-digit unique identifier known as a Visa card number. The number—which is ordinarily stamped on the front of the card—is used to find the cardholder's account while making purchases or carrying out transactions. The first six digits of a Visa card number reflect the issuing bank in contrast to the remaining digits, which are unique to the account number and the cardholder. For the purpose of validating the number's accuracy and preventing fraud, Visa card numbers have an extra check digit. Methods The methods are as follows for validating a Visa card ... Read More

A typical programming challenge is determining whether a number terminates with another number. To solve this problem, you must identify the last few digits of a given number and check to see if they match another number. Numerous applications, including data processing, string manipulation, and numerical analysis, frequently include this kind of operation. Programming approaches including converting numbers to strings, modular arithmetic, and the use of logical operators are used to solve this challenge. Beginner and intermediate programmers who want to get better at manipulating numbers and solving algorithmic issues should be interested in this topic. Methods There are various ... Read More

"Even-odd pairs" means to pairings of two consecutive integers, one is even and the other odd. For example, even-odd pairs include (2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 7), etc. These pairings are commonly employed in number changing-based algorithms and programming exercises. When repeating over a set of numbers, like, one could only want to carry out operation on even or odd numbers. When this occurs, employing even-odd pairs can aid in code simplification by lowering the number of conditional statements required. Method By swapping nearby even-odd pairings, you can apply the following strategies to determine the least number possible − ... Read More

Determining the number of unique strings that can be­ obtained by performing a set of give­n operations on a string is a common challenge in compute­r science and mathematics. Se­veral operations, including character de­letion, swapping, or string reversal, can be­ carried out on the string. The obje­ctive is to calculate the total count of diffe­rent output strings achievable through the­se operations irrespe­ctive of their order. The­ problem-solving techniques applie­d for this task comprise dynamic programming, recursion, and combinatorics among others—de­pending upon the nature of spe­cific operations undertaken. Methods To count the distinct possible strings after performing given operations, one ... Read More

A monotonous substring is a contiguous substring of given string containing characters whose values are all strictly increasing or strictly decreasing. A monotonous substring is a string sequence that either strictly increases or strictly decreases in value. Method Dynamic Programming Backtracking Method 1: Dynamic Programming One technique is to apply dynamic programming to construct table of sub problems, here each item (i, j) in table denotes whether there exists a permutation of the substring S[i...j] that does not contain any monotonous substring. When i=j, the substring comprises only one character and is hence trivially monotonous. ... Read More

A binary string is made up of a succession of binary numbers, also known as bits, that are either 0 or 1. It is a method of encoding data that uses only two numbers for computer applications where data is stored and processed using electronic circuits that can only recognise two states. In computer programming, binary strings are frequently used to represent data in way that is simple for electronic circuits to handle, such as numbers, text, and images. Method Method 1. Dynamic Programming Method 2. Greedy Approach Method 1: Dynamic Programming To tackle this difficulty, we can employ ... Read More

An Indian passport number is special alphanumeric code that Indian government issues to owner of an Indian passport. The passport number is made up of 8–12 characters, that may include both letters and digits. The first two characters of passport number indicate type of passport, such as P for an ordinary passport, D for a diplomatic passport, and S for an official passport. The next two characters stand for the code of the organization that issues passports, and they are followed by string of numbers that serve as passport holder's special identification. Indian passport numbers are normally printed on the ... Read More