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Computer Architecture Articles
Page 2 of 26
What is Stack Organization?
Stack is also known as the Last In First Out (LIFO) list. It is the most important feature in the CPU. It saves data such that the element stored last is retrieved first. A stack is a memory unit with an address register. This register influence the address for the stack, which is known as Stack Pointer (SP). The stack pointer continually influences the address of the element that is located at the top of the stack.It can insert an element into or delete an element from the stack. The insertion operation is known as push operation and the deletion ...
Read MoreWhat is Microprogrammed Control Unit?
A control unit whose binary control values are saved as words in memory is called a microprogrammed control unit.A controller results in the instructions to be implemented by constructing a definite collection of signals at each system clock beat. Each of these output signals generates one micro-operation including register transfer. Thus, the sets of control signals are generated definite micro-operations that can be saved in the memory.Each bit that forms the microinstruction is linked to one control signal. When the bit is set, the control signal is active. When it is cleared the control signal turns inactive. These microinstructions in ...
Read MoreWhat is General Register Organization?
A set of flip-flops forms a register. A register is a unique high-speed storage area in the CPU. They include combinational circuits that implement data processing. The information is always defined in a register before processing. The registers speed up the implementation of programs.Registers implement two important functions in the CPU operation are as follows −It can support a temporary storage location for data. This supports the directly implementing programs to have fast access to the data if required.It can save the status of the CPU and data about the directly implementing program.Example − Address of the next program instruction, ...
Read MoreWhat is Handshaking?
Handshaking is an I/O control approach to synchronize I/O devices with the microprocessor. As several I/O devices accept or release data at a much lower cost than the microprocessor, this technique is used to control the microprocessor to operate with an I/O device at the I/O devices data transfer rate.The drawback of the strobe approach is that the source unit that starts the transfer has no method of knowing whether the destination unit has received the data element that was located in the bus. A destination unit that initiates the transfer has no method of knowing whether the source unit ...
Read MoreWhat is Pipelining in Computer Architecture?
Pipelining defines the temporal overlapping of processing. Pipelines are emptiness greater than assembly lines in computing that can be used either for instruction processing or, in a more general method, for executing any complex operations. It can be used efficiently only for a sequence of the same task, much similar to assembly lines.A basic pipeline processes a sequence of tasks, including instructions, as per the following principle of operation −Each task is subdivided into multiple successive subtasks as shown in the figure. For instance, the execution of register-register instructions can be broken down into instruction fetch, decode, execute, and writeback.A ...
Read MoreWhat is Auxiliary Memory?
An Auxiliary memory is referred to as the lowest-cost, highest-space, and slowest-approach storage in a computer system. It is where programs and information are preserved for long-term storage or when not in direct use. The most typical auxiliary memory devices used in computer systems are magnetic disks and tapes.Magnetic DisksA magnetic disk is a round plate generated of metal or plastic coated with magnetized material. There are both sides of the disk are used and multiple disks can be stacked on one spindle with read/write heads accessible on each surface.All disks revolve together at high speed and are not stopped ...
Read MoreDiscuss the I/O Interface in Computer Architecture?
The I/O interface supports a method by which data is transferred between internal storage and external I/O devices. All the peripherals connected to a computer require special communication connections for interfacing them with the CPU.I/O Bus and Interface ModulesThe I/O bus is the route used for peripheral devices to interact with the computer processor. A typical connection of the I/O bus to I/O devices is shown in the figure.The I/O bus includes data lines, address lines, and control lines. In any general-purpose computer, the magnetic disk, printer, and keyboard, and display terminal are commonly employed. Each peripheral unit has an ...
Read MoreDifferences between Computer Architecture and Computer Organization
Computer Architecture is a functional description of the design implementation and requirements of different components of a computer, while Computer Organization provides information about the linking of different operational attributes of the computer system. Read this tutorial to learn more about "computer architecture" and "computer organization" and how they are different from each other. What is Computer Architecture? Computer Architecture is a blueprint for design and implementation of a computer system. It refers to the overall design of a computer system, including the hardware and software components that make up the system and how they interact with each other. Computer ...
Read MoreWhat is the Main Memory?
The main memory is the fundamental storage unit in a computer system. It is associatively large and quick memory and saves programs and information during computer operations. The technology that makes the main memory work is based on semiconductor integrated circuits.RAM is the main memory. Integrated circuit Random Access Memory (RAM) chips are applicable in two possible operating modes are as follows −Static − It consists of internal flip-flops, which store the binary information. The stored data remains solid considering power is provided to the unit. The static RAM is simple to use and has smaller read and write cycles.Dynamic ...
Read MoreDifference Between RISC and CISC
RISC and CISC are two different types of computer architectures that are used to design the microprocessors that are found in computers. The fundamental difference between RISC and CISC is that RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) includes simple instructions and takes one cycle, while the CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer) includes complex instructions and takes multiple cycles. Read this tutorial to find out more about RISC and CISC and how these two architectures are different from each other. What is RISC? In the RISC architecture, the instruction set of the computer system is simplified to reduce the execution time. RISC ...
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