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C Articles
Page 93 of 96
C program to print digital clock with current time
In this section we will see how to make a digital clock using C. To work with time we can use the time.h header file. This header file has some function signatures that are used to handle date and time related issues.The four important components of time.h is like belowsize_t This size_t is basically the unsigned integral type. This is the result of sizeof().clock_t This is used to store the processor timetime_t This is used to store calendar timestruct tm This is a structure. It helps to hold the entire date and time.Example Code#include #include int main() { ...
Read MoreC Program to display hostname and IP address
In this section we will see how to see the Host name and IP address of the local system in an easier way. We will write a C program to find the host name and IP.Some of the following functions are used. These functions have different task. Let us see the functions and their tasks.FunctionDescriptiongethostname()It finds the standard host name for the local computer.gethostbyname()It finds the host information corresponding to a host name from host databaseiten_ntoa()It converts an IPv4 Internet network address into an ASCII string into dotted decimal format.Example Code#include #include #include #include #include ...
Read MoreHow to detect integer overflow in C/C++?
The only safe way is to check for overflow before it occurs. There are some hacky ways of checking for integer overflow though. So if you're aiming for detecting overflow in unsigned int addition, you can check if the result is actually lesser than either values added. So for example, Example Codeunsigned int x, y; unsigned int value = x + y; bool overflow = value < x; // Alternatively "value < y" should also workThis is because if x and y are both unsigned ints, if added and they overflow, their values can't be greater than either of them ...
Read MoreInitialization of a multidimensional arrays in C/C++
In multidimensional array, the array should have dimension more that 1. The following diagram shows the memory allocation strategy for a multidimensional array with dimension 3 x 3 x 3.This is a C++ program to initialize a multidimensional array.AlgorithmBegin Initialize the elements of a multidimensional array. Print the size of the array. Display the content of the array. EndExample#include using namespace std; int main() { int r, c; int a[][2] = {{3,1},{7,6}}; cout
Read MoreWhy C treats array parameters as pointers?
C treats array parameter as pointers because it is less time consuming and more efficient. Though if we can pass the address of each element of the array to a function as argument but it will be more time consuming. So it’s better to pass the base address of first element to the function like:void fun(int a[]) { … } void fun(int *a) { //more efficient. ….. }Here is a sample code in C:#include void display1(int a[]) //printing the array content { int i; printf("Current content of the array is: "); for(i = 0; i < ...
Read MoreSum of array using pointer arithmetic in C
In this program, we need to find sum of array elements using pointer arithmetic.Here we use * which denotes the value stored at the memory address and this address will remain stored in the variable. Thus “int *ptr” means, ptr is a variable which contains an address and content of the address is an integer quantity.*p means it is a pointer variable. Using this and sum() we will find out sum of the elements of array.Example Code#include void s(int* a, int len) { int i, s_of_arr = 0; for (i = 0; i
Read MoreRead/Write structure to a file using C
fwrite() and fread() is used to write to a file in C.fwrite() syntaxfwrite(const void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream)whereptr - A pointer to array of elements to be writtensize - Size in bytes of each element to be writtennmemb - Number of elements, each one with a size of bytesstream – A pointer to a FILE object that specifies an output streamfread() syntaxfread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream)whereptr - A pointer to a block of memory with a minimum size of size*nmemb bytes.size - Size in bytes of each element to be read.nmemb - Number of ...
Read MoreHeap overflow and Stack overflow in C
Heap OverflowHeap is used to store dynamic variables. It is a region of process’s memory. malloc(), calloc(), resize() all these inbuilt functions are generally used to store dynamic variables.Heap overflow occurs when −A) If we allocate dynamic large number of variables −int main() { float *ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(float)*1000000.0)); }B) If we continuously allocate memory and do not free after using it.int main() { for (int i=0; i
Read Morefork() in C
In this section we will see what is the fork system call in C. This fork system call is used to create a new process. This newly created process is known as child process. The current process which is creating another child process is called the parent process.A child process uses the same program counter, CPU register, same files that are used by the parent process.The fork() does not take any parameter, it returns integer values. It may return three types of integer values.Negative Number: It returns negative number when child process creation is failedZero Value: It returns Zero for ...
Read Morelvalue and rvalue in C
An lvalue (locator value) represents an object that occupies some identifiable location in memory (i.e. has an address).rvalues are defined by exclusion. Every expression is either an lvalue or an rvalue, so, an rvalue is an expression that does not represent an object occupying some identifiable location in memory.For example, An assignment expects an lvalue as its left operand, so the following is valid:int i = 10; But this is not: int i; 10 = i;This is because i has an address in memory and is a lvalue. While 10 doesn't have an identifiable memory location and hence is an ...
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