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Page 2108 of 2109
What are the differences between struct and class in C++?
The members and base classes of a struct are public by default, while in class, they default to private. Struct and class are otherwise functionally equivalent.They are however used in different places due to semantics. a struct is more like a data structure that is used to represent data. class, on the other hand, is more of a functionality inclined construct. It mimics the way things are and work.
Read MoreDifference between 'struct' and 'typedef struct' in C++?
In C++, there is no difference between 'struct' and 'typedef struct' because, in C++, all struct/union/enum/class declarations act like they are implicitly typedef'ed, as long as the name is not hidden by another declaration with the same name.Though there is one subtle difference that typedefs cannot be forward declared. So for the typedef option, you must include the file containing the typedef before it is used anywhere.
Read MoreWhat is a "translation unit" in C++
A translation unit is any preprocessed source file.A translation unit is the basic unit of compilation in C++. This unit is made up of the contents of a single source file after it passes through preprocessing. It contains included any header files without blocks that are ignored using conditional preprocessing statements like ifdef, ifndef, etc.A single translation unit can be compiled into an object file, library, or executable program.
Read MoreHow to create a Python dictionary from text file?
Assuming a following text file (dict.txt) is present1 aaa2 bbb3 cccFollowing Python code reads the file using open() function. Each line as string is split at space character. First component is used as key and second as valued = {} with open("dict.txt") as f: for line in f: (key, val) = line.split() d[int(key)] = val print (d)The output shows contents of file in dictionary form{1: 'aaa', 2: 'bbb', 3: 'ccc'}
Read MoreWhy are numbers represented as objects in python?
Everything in Python is an object, and that includes the numbers. There are no "primitive" types, only built-in types.Numbers, however, are immutable. When you perform an operation with a number, you are creating a new number object.
Read MoreDifference between #include and #include "filename" in C/C++?
The difference between the two forms is in the location where the preprocessor searches for the file to be included.#include The preprocessor searches in an implementation-dependent manner, it searches directories pre-designated by the compiler. This method is usually used to include standard library header files.#include "filename"The preprocessor searches in the same directory as the file containing the directive. If this fails, then it starts behaving like the #include form. This method is usually used to include your own header files.
Read MoreWhat is the difference between C++0x and C++11?
C++ and C Standards are usually named after the year they are published in. For example, in C++, the original Standard was published in 1998, so it is called C++98, and its first correction, published in 2003 is called C++03.For the next revision, it was supposed that the next Standard after would be done by 2008, but since it was uncertain, it was named C++0x, where the x stood for either 8 or 9. Though planning shifted and it is now called C++11. So, C++0x was the name for the standard before it was published. Once it was finalized in ...
Read MoreWhy accessing an array out of bounds does not give any error in C++?
This is due to the fact that C++ does not do bounds checking. Languages like Java and python have bounds checking so if you try to access an out of bounds element, they throw an error. C++ design principle was that it shouldn't be slower than the equivalent C code, and C doesn't do array bounds checking.So if you try to access this out of bounds memory, the behavior of your program is undefined as this is written in the C++ standard. In general, whenever you encounter undefined behavior, anything might happen. The application may crash, it may freeze, it ...
Read MoreWhy does C++ have header files and .cpp files?
C++ has header and .ccp files for separating the interface from the implementation. The header files declare "what" a class (or whatever is being implemented) will do, ie the API of the class, kind of like an interface in Java. The cpp file on the other hand defines "how" it will perform those features, ie, the implementation of these declared functionality.This reduces dependencies. The code that uses the header doesn't need to know all the details of the implementation and any other classes/headers needed only for that. It just needs to focus on things it is trying to implement. This ...
Read MoreWhy do we use restrict qualifier in C++?
There's no such keyword in C++. List of C++ keywords can be found in section 2.11/1 of C++ language standard. restrict is a keyword in the C99 version of C language and not in C++.In C, A restrict-qualified pointer (or reference) is basically a promise to the compiler that for the scope of the pointer, the target of the pointer will only be accessed through that pointer (and pointers copied from it).C++ compilers also support this definition for optimization purposes, but it is not a part of the official language specification.
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