Server Side Programming Articles

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Count of index pairs with equal elements in an array in C++

Sunidhi Bansal
Sunidhi Bansal
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 575 Views

We are given with an array of N elements. The goal is to find the index pairs (i, j) which have the same element value such that i!=j. i.e, Arr[i]=Arr[j] and i!=j. This is used to make pairs of gloves of equal size. Out of N gloves only paired gloves are useful to sell.We will do this by running two loops with 0 -1. Total pairs=2Approach used in the below program is as followsWe take an integer array Arr[] initialized with random numbers for size of gloves > 0.Take a variable n which stores the length of Arr[].Function countPairs(int arr[], ...

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How to add a citation in a plot created by using ggplot2 in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 1K+ Views

A footnote is generally used to give references to a document, text or image and it is called citation. It helps the reader or viewer to check out the original source using the new text or image is generated. If we want to give citation to a plot in R using ggplot2 package then we can add labs that has caption option to add the footnotes.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> set.seed(1) > x y df dfOutput      x       y 1 0.8735462 4.0117812 2 1.6836433 2.8898432 3 0.6643714 1.8787594 4 3.0952808 0.2853001 5 1.8295078 3.6249309 6 ...

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Counting numbers whose difference from reverse is a product of k in C++

Sunidhi Bansal
Sunidhi Bansal
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 184 Views

We are given a range [l,r] and a number k. The goal is to find all the numbers between l and r (l

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How to increase the width of the lines in the boxplot created by using ggplot2 in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 3K+ Views

When we create a boxplot using ggplot2, the default width of the lines in the boxplot is very thin and we might want to increase that width to make the visibility of the edges of the boxplot clearer. This will help viewers to understand the edges of the boxplot in just a single shot. We can do this by using lwd argument of geom_boxplot function of ggplto2 package.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> ID Count df head(df, 20)Output ID Count 1 S1 20 2 S2 14 3 S3 17 4 S4 30 5 S1 17 6 S2 23 7 S3 36 ...

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Count ways to form minimum product triplets in C++

Sunidhi Bansal
Sunidhi Bansal
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 321 Views

We are given with an array of numbers Arr[]. The goal is count the number of triplets whose product is equal to the smallest product of all possible triplets.Count triplets if (i

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How to create cumulative sum chart with count on Y-axis in R using ggplot2?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 2K+ Views

Cumulative sums are often used to display the running totals of values and these sums also help us to identify the overall total. In this way, we can analyze the variation in the running totals over time. To create the cumulative sum chart with count on Y-axis we can use stat_bin function of ggplot2 package.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x df head(df, 20)Output      x 1 1.755900133 2 1.185746239 3 0.821489888 4 1.358420721 5 2.719636441 6 2.885153151 7 1.131452570 8 0.302981998 9 0.433865254 10 2.373338327 11 0.428436149 12 1.835789725 13 2.600838211 14 2.108302471 15 1.164818373 16 1.547473189 17 ...

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Count of pairs in an array whose sum is a perfect square in C++

Sunidhi Bansal
Sunidhi Bansal
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 774 Views

We are given with an array of N elements. The goal is to find the count of all pairs (Arr[i], Arr[j]) which have a sum which is a perfect square such that i!=j. That is Arr[i]+Arr[j] is a perfect square.We will do this by calculating the sum of pairs and check if the square root of that sum is equal to the floor value of the square root. sqrt(Arr[i]+Arr[j])-floor( sqrt(Arr[i]+Arr[j] )==0.Let’s understand with examples.Input − Arr[]= { 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 4 } N=6Output − Count of pairs with sum as perfect square − 2Explanation −Arr[1]+Arr[3]=4, sqrt(4)-floor(4)=0 4 is ...

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How to create a bar plot using ggplot2 with percentage on Y-axis in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 2K+ Views

Mostly, the bar plot is created with frequency or count on the Y-axis in any way, whether it is manual or by using any software or programming language but sometimes we want to use percentages. It can be done by using scales package in R, that gives us the option labels=percent_format() to change the labels to percentage.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x df dfOutput x 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 1 5 2 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 2 10 3 11 3 12 4 13 3 14 4 15 4 16 1 17 3 18 ...

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Count unordered pairs (i,j) such that product of a[i] and a[j] is power of two in C++

Sunidhi Bansal
Sunidhi Bansal
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 465 Views

We are given with an array of N elements. The goal is to find the count of all pairs (Arr[i], Arr[j]) which have a sum which is a perfect square such that i!=j. That is Arr[i]+Arr[j] is a perfect square.We will do this by calculating the sum of pairs and check if the square root of that sum is equal to the floor value of the square root. sqrt(Arr[i]+Arr[j])-floor( sqrt(Arr[i]+Arr[j] )==0.Let’s understand with examples.Input − Arr[]= { 4, 3, 2, 1, 2, 4 } N=6Output − Count of pairs with sum as perfect square − 2Explanation −Arr[1]+Arr[3]=4, sqrt(4)-floor(4)=0 4 is ...

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How to add a vertical line with some value on a scatterplot created by ggplot2 in R?

Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Nizamuddin Siddiqui
Updated on 11-Mar-2026 557 Views

When we draw a scatterplot, there might be some crucial points that we would want to display, hence we create a vertical or horizontal based on our objective. These vertical or horizontal lines can be drawn by using geom_vline or geom_hline function of ggplot2 but to add some value with them we can use geom_text function.ExampleConsider the below data frame −> x y df dfOutput      x          y 1 1.2474363 -0.15892165 2 1.7511870 -1.18938250 3 -1.3001612 -0.32313571 4 -1.4220049 1.52915756 5 0.4355646 0.18282983 6 0.3128323 0.16467130 7 1.5099580 1.15199751 8 -0.4907705 -1.98635182 9 -1.4249190 -0.73298079 ...

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