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R Programming Articles
Page 71 of 174
How to find the proportion of row values in an R data frame?
The proportion of row values can be calculated if we divide each row value with the sum of all values in a particular row. Therefore, the total sum of proportions will be equal to 1. This can be done by dividing the data frame with the row sums and for this purpose we can use the below syntax −Syntaxdata_frame_name/rowSums(data_frame_name)Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(111) x1
Read MoreHow to plot all the values of an R data frame?
To plot all the values of an R data frame, we can use matplot function. This function plots all the values based on the columns of an R data frame and represent them by the column number. For example, if we have five columns in an R data frame then matplot will represent the first column by 1, second column by 2, third column by 3 and so on.Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(555) v1
Read MoreHow to create barplot from data frame in R using rows as categories?
If we have small number of rows then we might want to create bar plot for rows instead of using columns as categories. This can be done by using barplot function but we need to convert the data frame to matrix and take the transpose of it. For example, if we have a data frame data_frame with 4 rows and 4 columns, then the barplot with rows as categories can be created as barplot(t(as.matrix(data_frame)),beside=TRUE)Consider the below data frame −Examplex1
Read MoreHow to split string values that contain special characters in R?
When we have a single long string or a vector of string values and the values within the string are separated by some special characters then splitting the values can help us to properly understand those strings. This could happen in situations when the string data is recorded with mistakes or have some other purpose. We can do the splitting using strsplit function.Examplex1
Read MoreHow to renumber rows if they are unordered in R?
When we create a sample using inbuilt or imported data set then the numbering for selected rows as in the original data set, therefore, the numbering becomes unordered. To change this unordered numbering to a sequence say starting from one to the total number of rows in the sample, we can use 1:nrow(“sample_object_name”).Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(999) x
Read MoreHow to check whether a data frame exists or not in R?
Sometimes we keep writing codes in the programming console and suddenly we need to use something that was used in the upper side of programming console then recalling it becomes a little ambiguous if we forget about it. In this case, we might want to check whether something exists or not and that something could be a data frame in R programming. For this purpose, we can use the below syntax −Syntaxexists("data_frame_name")&&is.data.frame(get("data_frame_name "))Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(101) x1
Read MoreHow to find the rank of a matrix in R?
The rank of a matrix is defined as the maximum number of linearly independent vectors in rows or columns. If we have a matrix with dimensions R x C, having R number of rows and C number of columns, and if R is less than C then the rank of the matrix would be R. To find the rank of a matrix in R, we can use rankMatrix function in Matrix package.Loading Matrix package −library(Matrix)ExampleM1
Read MoreHow to plot values with log scales on x and y axis or on a single axis in R?
We can plot numerical values in R with many scales and that includes log scale as well. Also, it is possible to plot the values with log scales on both the axes. In base R, the best way to do this is defining the axes values with decimal representation as shown in the below examples with well-defined log.Consider the below vector −Exampleset.seed(555) x
Read MoreHow to create a subset based on levels of a character column in R?
In R programming, mostly the columns with string values can be either represented by character data type or factor data type. For example, if we have a column Group with four unique values as A, B, C, and D then it can be of character or factor with four levels. If we want to take the subset of these columns then subset function can be used. Check out the example below.Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(888) Grp
Read MoreHow to join points in a point chart with lines using ggplot2 in R?
Usually, a point chart is created to assess the relationship or movement of two variables together but sometimes these points are scattered in a way that makes confusion. Hence, data analyst or researcher try to visualize this type of graph by joining the points with lines. In ggplot2, this joining can be done by using geom_line() function.Consider the below data frame −Exampleset.seed(111) x
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