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R Programming Articles
Page 149 of 174
How to check the difference between plot generation time in base R?
One of the mostly used time measurement function in R is microbenchmark function of microbenchmark package. We can pass the function to create the plot inside microbenchmark function and this will result in the processing time for each of the plots then a comparison can be done for the difference.Example1Loading microbenchmark package:> library(microbenchmark)Finding the plot generation time:> x1 x2 x3 X XUnit: milliseconds expr min lq mean median uq max neval plot(x1) 12.7488 14.88815 15.65040 15.2515 15.90765 23.9348 100 plot(x2) 20.9810 21.67780 23.92976 22.2116 23.29665 137.2474 100 plot(x3) 93.6965 95.03440 96.67086 95.6717 97.12290 125.3670 100Plots:Example> plot(x1)Output:Example> plot(x2)Output:Example> plot(x3)Output:
Read MoreHow to generate passwords with varying lengths in R?
To generate passwords, we can use stri_rand_strings function of stringi package. If we want to have passwords of varying length then we need to create the passwords using the particular size separately. For example, for a size or length of the password equals to 8, we can use the argument length in the stri_rand_strings function.Loading stringi package:> library(stringi)Example1> stri_rand_strings(n=5, length=8, pattern="[0-9a-zA-Z]") [1] "YkIEDYQz" "t42JCzYO" "rOE9YN8U" "2lu9AonY" "6lDUxScX"Example2> stri_rand_strings(n=20, length=8, pattern="[0-9a-zA-Z]") [1] "glH3ysoX" "X0Sgvg3F" "P3YOePTa" "45GOb2hA" "tLCwszus" "CerCi1ks" [7] "UtFwzrSc" "pG8AJCQX" "NTCdMRHj" "5thI1wKb" "Ic8Rol1Y" "JakWa1Wd" [13] "9AfeXo7T" "SFJVn9XV" "lIRhLbJ9" "DNFyAbkJ" "jV4jJRZk" "IthkzfEU" [19] "talj9nBq" "Nak9Tidh"Example3> ...
Read MoreHow to apply manually created x-axis labels in a histogram created by hist function in R?
When we generate a histogram in R using hist function, the x-axis labels are automatically generated but we might want to change them to values defined by researchers or by any other authority. Therefore, firstly we need to create the histogram by ignoring the labels and then axis function can be used for new values.Consider the below vector x and create a histogram of x by ignoring x-axis labels −Exampleset.seed(1999) x
Read MoreHow to create multiple plots of different sizes in base R?
Often, we have multiple values, vectors or columns of an R data frame that needs to be plotted on a single graph so that we can compare them at the same time or they have some kind of relationship among them. Therefore, we can use layout function along with matrix function to divide the plot window as shown in the below exampleConsider the below layout and plot of individual values −Examplelayout(matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6), nrow=4, ncol=2, byrow=FALSE)) plot(500) plot(525) plot(530) plot(531) plot(540) plot(528)OutputChanging the layout and creating the plots −Examplelayout(matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...
Read MoreHow to deal with warning message `stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`. in R while creating a histogram?
The default value for bins is 30 but if we don’t pass that in geom_histogram then the warning message is shown by R in most of the cases. To avoid that, we can simply put bins=30 inside the geom_histogram() function. This will stop showing the warning message.Consider the below data frame −x
Read MoreHow to find the day of the year from dates in R?
To find the day of the year from dates, we can use yday function of lubridate package. For example, if we have a date or a date of vectors then we simply need to pass that date or the vector inside yday function by using the below syntax −yday(“date”)oryday(“vector_of_date”)Loading lubridate package −library(lubridate)Examplesdate1
Read MoreHow to convert a list of lists into a single list in R?
A list can contain multiple lists of different type as well as similar type elements such as data frames, vectors, matrices etcetera but accessing those elements become a little difficult task. Therefore, it is better to convert a list that contain multiple lists into a single list and it can be done using unlist function.ExampleConsider the below vectors −set.seed(871) x1
Read MoreHow to extract string before slash from a vector in R?
If a vector contains string values and they are separated with a special character (This special character can be anything, also it is not necessarily to be a special character) and we want to extract only the values that exists before that special then we can use gsub function. For example, if we have a vector x that contain "UT/YT", "IST/IT", "PST/PT" then gsub can help us to extract UT, IST, PST.Examplex1
Read MoreBuilding an array from a string in JavaScript
We have to write a function that creates an array with elements repeating from the string till the limit is reached.Suppose there is a string ‘aba’ and a limit 5.e.g. string = "string" and limit = 8 will give new arrayconst arr = ["s", "t", "r", "i", "n", “g”, “s”, ”t”]ExampleLet’s write the code for this function −const string = 'Hello'; const limit = 15; const createStringArray = (string, limit) => { const arr = []; for(let i = 0; i < limit; i++){ const index = i % string.length; arr.push(string[index]); ...
Read MoreHow to extract website name from their links in R?
If we have a list of website links and we want to extract the website name from those links then it is a time-consuming task because we would need to copy each name one-by-one. Therefore, it is better to extract them using a function in R and save time. To extract the website name from the website link, we can use suffix_extract function of urltools package. This will extract the host, subdomain, domain and suffix. And it is known that the domain values are the website names.Loading urltools package −library(urltools)Website links stored in a vector −Web_Links
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