Python Articles

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Introduction-to-convolutions-using-python

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 369 Views

In this article, we will learn about convolutions in Python. Convolution is a fundamental operation in computer vision and neural networks for feature extraction from images. Prerequisites − NumPy, Matplotlib Installation pip install numpy pip install matplotlib What is Convolution? Convolution is a mathematical operation performed on an image to extract features by applying a smaller matrix called a kernel (or filter) that slides over the image like a window. Depending on the values in the kernel, we can detect specific patterns such as edges, corners, or textures. ...

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Internal working of the list in Python

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 400 Views

In this tutorial, we will learn about the internal working of lists in Python. We will explore how Python manages list objects in memory and examine the frame formation when we execute different list operations step by step. List Initialization When we create a list with elements, Python allocates memory and creates a list object ? lis = [1, 2, 3, 4] print(lis) print(f"List ID: {id(lis)}") print(f"List length: {len(lis)}") [1, 2, 3, 4] List ID: 140712234567808 List length: 4 Global Frame lis ...

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Interesting Python Implementation for Next Greater Elements

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 207 Views

In this article, we will learn how to find the Next Greater Element for each element in an array. The Next Greater Element is the first larger element that appears to the right of the current element in the array. Problem Statement Given an array of integers, we need to find the Next Greater Element for every element. For elements that don't have a greater element on their right side, we return -1. Example Input and Output For the array [12, 1, 2, 3] − 12 → -1 (no element greater than 12 ...

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issubset() function in Python

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 396 Views

In this article, we will learn the implementation and usage of issubset() function available in the Python Standard Library. The issubset() method returns boolean True when all elements of a set are present in another set (passed as an argument) otherwise, it returns boolean False. In the figure given below B is a subset of A. When A & B are identical sets, A is considered a proper subset of B, meaning both sets contain the same elements. Set A ...

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Input/Output from external file in C/C++, Java and Python for Competitive Programming

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 506 Views

In competitive programming, reading input from files and writing output to files is essential for testing solutions locally. This article covers file I/O techniques in Python, Java, and C/C++. Python I/O from File Python uses the sys module to redirect standard input and output to files. This approach allows you to use regular input() and print() functions while reading from and writing to files ? Example import sys # Redirect input from file sys.stdin = open('input.txt', 'r') # Redirect output to file sys.stdout = open('output.txt', 'w') # Now use regular ...

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IDE for Python programming on Windows

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 470 Views

Choosing the right IDE can significantly improve your Python development experience on Windows. Let's explore the most popular Python IDEs, each offering unique features for different development needs. PyCharm PyCharm is a professional IDE developed by JetBrains, offering comprehensive Python development tools ? Interactive Python Console: Built-in console for testing code snippets Web Framework Support: Django, Flask, and other frameworks integration Intelligent Code Refactoring: Automated code improvement suggestions Advanced Debugging: Visual debugger with breakpoints and variable inspection Version Control Integration: Git, ...

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Interesting facts about strings in Python

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 262 Views

Python strings have several fascinating characteristics that make them unique among programming languages. Let's explore four key features: immutability, escape sequence detection, direct slicing, and indexed access. Immutability Python strings are immutable, meaning once created, their content cannot be modified. You can only read from strings, not change individual characters ? text = 'Tutorials Point' print(text) # This will raise an error try: text[0] = 't' except TypeError as e: print(f"Error: {e}") Tutorials Point Error: 'str' object does not support item assignment ...

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Implement IsNumber() function in Python

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 251 Views

In this article, we will learn how to implement an isNumber() function in Python. This custom function checks whether a given string represents a valid number and returns True or False accordingly. The function uses exception handling with try and except statements to determine if a string can be converted to a number. This approach is efficient because Python's built-in conversion functions will raise a ValueError if the string is not a valid number. Input String Check Negative ...

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What makes Python Cool?

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 305 Views

Python is loved by developers worldwide for its elegant syntax and powerful built-in features. In this article, we will explore the key features that make Python cool and different from other programming languages. The Zen of Python Python's philosophy is captured in "The Zen of Python", which you can access by importing the this module ? import this The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters Beautiful is better than ugly. Explicit is better than implicit. Simple is better than complex. Complex is better than complicated. The flat is better than nested. Sparse is ...

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Python vulnerability in input() function

Pavitra
Pavitra
Updated on 25-Mar-2026 648 Views

The input() function in Python 2.x had a serious security vulnerability that could allow code injection attacks. Unlike Python 3.x, the Python 2.x input() function evaluates user input as Python code, while raw_input() safely returns a string. Difference Between input() and raw_input() in Python 2.x Let's examine how these functions handle different data types in Python 2.x ? # Python 2.x behavior (DO NOT RUN - for illustration only) # Input Given: "hello" (string) str1 = raw_input("Output of raw_input() function: ") print type(str1) # Always returns str2 = input("Output of input() function: ") ...

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