If we have comma separated values that contains duplicate and unique values then we might want to find the number of unique values within each comma separated value. To find the unique values in comma separated strings stored in an R data frame column, we can use stri_extract_all_regex function of stringi package along with sapply function.Check out the below examples to understand how it can be done.Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x

If we have a data set that contains missing values at alternate places for each column then we might want to combine the columns by excluding those missing values, this will reduce the data set and the analysis is likely to become easier.For this purpose, we can use na.exclude function along with apply function as shown in the below given examples.Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1

To create a colored box for base R plot, we can use box function with col argument where we can pass the color other than black because black is the default color.We first need to create the plot using plot function and then box function will be used as shown in the below given example.ExampleTo create a colored box for base R plot, use the following code −plot(1:5) box(lwd=5, col="blue")OutputIf you execute the above given code, it generates the following output −To create a colored box for base R plot, use the following code −plot(1:5) box(lwd=10, col="red")OutputIf you execute the ... Read More

If we know the total number of rows we want in our matrix and the number of columns then we can use matrix function to create a matrix by filling the data with predefined values. These values must be equal to the multiplication of number of rows and columns.Check out the below given examples to understand how it works.Example 1Following snippet creates a matrix in R by filling the data with predefined values in loop −n=20 k=2 data=rpois(n*k, 5) M1=matrix(data, nrow=n, ncol=k) M1If you execute the above given snippet, it generates the following output −     [, 1] [, 2] ... Read More

The autocorrelation plot or ACF plot is a display of serial correlation in data that changes over time. The ACF plot can be easily created by using acf function.For example, if we have a vector called V then we can create its autocorrelation plot by using the command given below −acf(V)Check out the below examples to understand how it can be done.Example 1To create ACF plot in R, use the code given below −x

If we have a matrix that contains character columns and we want to convert a single column to numeric then we first need to convert the matrix into a data frame using as.data.frame function after that as.numeric function can be used to change the particular column to numeric type as shown in the below examples.Example 1Following snippet creates a matrix −M1

To find the average of a particular column in R data frame, we can take the help of delta ($) operator.For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains a column x then we can find the average of column x by using the command given below −mean(df$x)Example 1Following snippet creates a sample data frame −x1

To find the mean of all matrices stored in an R list, we can use sapply function along with mean function. For example, if we have a list called LIST that contains some matrices then the mean of each matrix can be found by using the command given below −sapply(LIST,mean)Check out the below given example to understand how it works.ExampleFollowing snippet creates a list of matrices −M1

To update single value in an R data frame, we can use row and column indices with single square brackets.For example, if we have a data frame called df that contains two columns and ten rows and if we want to change the fifth value in second column to 10 then we can use the command given below −df[5,2]

The coordinate of a value in an R matrix is the row and column intersection that is the row and column index for that particular value. This can be found by using which function.For example, if we have a matrix called M that contains value starting from 1 to 20 then we can find the coordinate of value 5 by using the command given below − which(M==5,arr.ind=TRUE)ExampleFollowing snippet creates a matrix −M1