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MCA Articles
Page 16 of 95
Frame bursting in Computer Network
Frame bursting is a transmission technique used at the data link layer of the OSI model to increase the rate of transmission of data frames. It can be effectively deployed in Gigabit Ethernet networks to increase network throughput and is specified in the IEEE 802.11e QoS specification. By this technique, a sender can transmit a series of frames in succession without surrendering control of the transmission medium. A set of smaller frames may be concatenated to form a large frame that is transmitted at one go, reducing overhead and improving efficiency. How Frame Bursting Works Standard Transmission ...
Read MoreRetrospective on Ethernet
Ethernet is a set of technologies and protocols that are used primarily in LANs. It was first standardized in the 1980s as the IEEE 802.3 standard and has evolved continuously ever since. Few networking technologies have demonstrated such remarkable consistency and longevity in their usability and adoption. Since its inception, Ethernet has undergone significant transformations while maintaining backward compatibility, making it the dominant LAN technology worldwide. Its evolution reflects the growing demands for higher bandwidth and improved network performance. Advantages of Ethernet Simple and reliable − Ethernet uses straightforward protocols and proven technology that works ...
Read MoreBasic Ethernet
Ethernet is a set of technologies and protocols that are used primarily in LANs. However, Ethernet can also be used in MANs and even WANs. It was first standardized in the 1980s as IEEE 802.3 standard. Since then, it has gone through four generations of evolution. Ethernet Generations Standard 10 Mbps Fast 100 Mbps Gigabit 1 Gbps 10-Gigabit 10 Gbps ...
Read MoreNetwork Standardization
Networking standards define the rules for data communications that are needed for interoperability of networking technologies and processes. Standards help in creating and maintaining open markets and allow different vendors to compete on the basis of the quality of their products while being compatible with existing market products. During data communication, a number of standards may be used simultaneously at the different layers. The commonly used standards at each layer are − Application layer − HTTP, HTML, POP, H.323, IMAP Transport layer − TCP, SPX Network layer − IP, IPX Data link layer − Ethernet IEEE 802.3, ...
Read MoreDistributed Coordination Function (DCF)
Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) is a mandatory medium access control technique used in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks (Wi-Fi) to prevent frame collisions. DCF implements Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) to coordinate channel access among multiple wireless stations. Unlike wired networks that can detect collisions, wireless networks cannot easily detect when two stations transmit simultaneously due to the hidden terminal problem. DCF solves this by using collision avoidance mechanisms rather than collision detection. How DCF Works The DCF process follows these key steps: Random Backoff − When a station has data to ...
Read MoreDifference between Connection-oriented and Connection-less Services
Connection-oriented and Connection-less Services are two fundamental approaches used to establish communication between devices in a network. Understanding their differences is crucial for network design and protocol selection. Connection-oriented Services A connection-oriented service establishes a dedicated communication path between sender and receiver before data transmission begins. It is modeled after the telephone system where you dial a number, establish a connection, communicate, and then hang up. Connection-oriented services operate through three phases: connection establishment, data transfer, and connection termination. Data packets are delivered to the receiver in the same order they were sent by the sender. ...
Read MoreDifference between LAN and VLAN
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a physical network that connects devices within a limited geographical area, while a Virtual LAN (VLAN) is a logical network that groups devices across potentially multiple physical networks. VLANs enhance network performance, security, and management by creating broadcast domains independent of physical location. Understanding the distinction between these two networking concepts is essential for network design and administration. What is LAN? A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network that spans a limited geographical area, typically within a single building or campus. It connects computers, servers, printers, and other networked devices ...
Read MoreDifference between WiFi and BlueTooth
Both WiFi and Bluetooth are wireless technologies that are widely used to send and receive data wirelessly using radio signals. WiFi is designed for high-speed Internet access that connects nearby devices with each other and shares Internet connectivity via hotspots, whereas Bluetooth is optimized for connecting devices in short range with minimal power consumption. This article explores the key features of WiFi and Bluetooth technologies and examines their fundamental differences in terms of range, speed, power consumption, and use cases. What is WiFi? WiFi stands for Wireless Fidelity. It defines any network based on the 802.11 standards ...
Read MoreDifference between BlueTooth and Zigbee
Both Bluetooth and ZigBee are wireless technologies that are widely used to send and receive data wirelessly using radio signals. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that is used to connect devices in short range, whereas ZigBee is wireless technology standard for personal area networks that uses low-power digital radio waves. Go through this article to find out more about the features of Bluetooth and ZigBee and how they are different from each other. What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth was created under the IEEE 802.15.1 standard, which is used for wireless communication via radio transmissions. Bluetooth was first introduced ...
Read MoreThe 802.16 MAC Sublayer Frame Structure
The IEEE 802.16 set of standards lays down the specifications for wireless broadband technology. It has been commercialized as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) that is responsible for the delivery of last-mile wireless broadband access. The IEEE 802.16 MAC sublayer is the most important sublayer and concerned with channel management. It has been designed for connection-oriented channel management for point-to-multipoint (PMP) broadband services. Generic MAC Frame Structure The frame format of a generic MAC frame consists of multiple fields that control data transmission and ensure reliability: IEEE 802.16 Generic MAC Frame ...
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