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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
What are the substitution techniques in information security?
Substitution technique is a classical encryption approach where the characters present in the initial message are restored by the other characters or numbers or by symbols. If the plain text (original message) is treated as the string of bits, thus the substitution technique would restore bit pattern of plain text with the bit pattern of cipher text.There are various types of substitution ciphers which are as follows −Monoalphabetic Cipher − In monoalphabetic substitution cipher, a character in a plaintext is always restored or changed to the similar character in the ciphertext indifferent of its position in the text.For instance, if ...
Read MoreHow to get the next auto-increment id in MySQL?
MySQL has the AUTO_INCREMENT keyword to perform auto-increment. The starting value for AUTO_INCREMENT is 1, which is the default. It will get increment by 1 for each new record. To get the next auto increment id in MySQL, we can use the function last_insert_id() from MySQL or auto_increment with SELECT. Creating a table, with "d" as auto-increment. mysql> create table NextIdDemo -> ( -> id int auto_increment, -> primary key(id) -> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.31 sec) Inserting records into the table. mysql> insert into NextIdDemo ...
Read MoreHow to get a value from the cell of a Pandas DataFrame?
To get a value from the cell of a DataFrame, we can use the index and col variables.StepsCreate a two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data, df.Print the input DataFrame, df.Initialize the index variable.Initialize the col variable.Get the cell value corresponding to index and col variable.Print the cell value.Example Live Demoimport pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame( { "x": [5, 2, 1, 9], "y": [4, 1, 5, 10], "z": [4, 1, 5, 0] } ) print("Input DataFrame is:", df) index = 2 col = "y" cell_val = df.iloc[index][col] print ...
Read MoreDifference between Electric Circuit and Magnetic Circuit
A circuit is a type of network having a closed path for the flow of either electric current or magnetic flux. A circuit mainly consists of three major parts viz. source, path or conductor and load. In simple words, the term circuit can be used to represent any fixed path through which electricity, data, single or magnetic flux can flow.Depending on the type of quantity (electric current or magnetic flux), the circuits can be of two types as −Electric circuitMagnetic circuitIn this article, we are going to see the differences between electric circuit and magnetic circuit. Also, we have added ...
Read MoreRoman to Integer in Python
Suppose we have Roman literals; we have to convert them into an integer. As we know the Roman numerals represent in some different symbols as below −NumeralValueI1V5X10L50C100D500M1000If we see the roman numbers closely, it is like suppose the numeral is 'II', so this is 2, there are two 'I's are added together. For XII, it is 12, so this is actually X + II = 10 + 2 = 12. The roman numerals of 4 are not IIII, it is IV. This is a little tricky.I can be used before V(5) and X(10) to make it 4 and 9 respectivelyX ...
Read MoreDiscuss the I/O Interface in Computer Architecture?
The I/O interface supports a method by which data is transferred between internal storage and external I/O devices. All the peripherals connected to a computer require special communication connections for interfacing them with the CPU.I/O Bus and Interface ModulesThe I/O bus is the route used for peripheral devices to interact with the computer processor. A typical connection of the I/O bus to I/O devices is shown in the figure.The I/O bus includes data lines, address lines, and control lines. In any general-purpose computer, the magnetic disk, printer, and keyboard, and display terminal are commonly employed. Each peripheral unit has an ...
Read MoreHow to select all columns except one in a Pandas DataFrame?
To select all columns except one column in Pandas DataFrame, we can use df.loc[:, df.columns != ].StepsCreate a two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data, df.Print the input DataFrame, df.Initialize a variable col with column name that you want to exclude.Use df.loc[:, df.columns != col] to create another DataFrame excluding a particular column.Print the DataFrame without col column.Example Live Demoimport pandas as pd df = pd.DataFrame( { "x": [5, 2, 1, 9], "y": [4, 1, 5, 10], "z": [4, 1, 5, 0] } ) print("Input DataFrame is:", df) col ...
Read MoreHow to find the R version you are using?
Most of the times, we need to use packages in R and some packages are restricted to different versions in R, generally to newer versions. Therefore, we might need to find which version of R we are using. To find the R version, we can directly use the command R.Version().Example Live DemoR.Version()Output$platform [1] "x86_64−w64−mingw32" $arch [1] "x86_64" $os [1] "mingw32" $system [1] "x86_64, mingw32" $status [1] "" $major [1] "4" $minor [1] "0.2" $year [1] "2020" $month [1] "06" $day [1] "22" $`svn rev` [1] "78730" $language [1] "R" $version.string [1] "R version 4.0.2 (2020−06−22)" $nickname [1] "Taking Off Again"We can ...
Read MoreExtended Entity-Relationship (EE-R) Model
EER is a high-level data model that incorporates the extensions to the original ER model. Enhanced ERD are high level models that represent the requirements and complexities of complex database.In addition to ER model concepts EE-R includes −Subclasses and Super classes.Specialization and Generalization.Category or union type.Aggregation.These concepts are used to create EE-R diagrams.Subclasses and Super classSuper class is an entity that can be divided into further subtype.For example − consider Shape super class.Super class shape has sub groups: Triangle, Square and Circle.Sub classes are the group of entities with some unique attributes. Sub class inherits the properties and attributes from ...
Read MoreHow to compare two objects in JavaScript?
Objects in JavaScript is an entity, where it consists of properties and type. Let’s consider sports as an object, in Car the properties can be color, price, height, width, etc. Exactly the same also happens in JavaScript, which has objects and contains properties to them. Const car = { color : 'Black', price : 2500000, height : '6 feet', width : '5 feet' } The equality operator (===) verifies whether the two operands are equal or not and returns a Boolean value. If the both operands are ...
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