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Articles on Trending Technologies
Technical articles with clear explanations and examples
Compare the void agreement and a void contract
To record commitments between the companies or between the parties, contracts and agreements plays an important role. These agreements or contracts also play a role in the companies’ smooth functioning.Void agreementIn simple words, it is not enforced by law which means that the parties which are involved in agreements have no rights and can’t be challenged in courts.These agreements can’t be changed into binding agreements. To become void agreement, it must meet the essentials which are mentioned in section 10 of the act.Some of the agreements which are declared as void are as follows −Agreements with minors, lunatics etc.Agreements whose ...
Read MoreCompare the void contract and the voidable contract
Let us understand the void contract and the voidable contract.Void contractVoid contract means an agreement which is not enforceable by law.This contract has no obligation/right/accrues to contract the void contract and also has no legal ability.A contract can become void contract due to the following −If a contract involves illegal activity.If a contract is against public policy.If performing the contract is impossible.If the party/parties involved in a contract are not competent legally.Nature of contractInitially, the contract is valid, but due to some reasons, it becomes invalid subsequently.In the absence of any elements in a valid contract, then the agreement becomes ...
Read MoreWhat is Electric Power?
Electric Power: DefinitionThe rate at which work is done in an electric circuit is known as electric power. In other words, the energy used per unit time in an electric circuit is called as electric power.Electric Power: FormulaAs, the electric power is the rate of doing work in an electric circuit, thus, $$\mathrm{Electric\:power, P=\frac{Work\:done\:in\:elecric\:circuit(W)}{Time(t)}}$$Consider an electric circuit shown below. An electric current flows in the circuit, when a voltage is applied to it. So, work is being done in moving the charge (electrons) in the circuit. This work done in moving the charge per unit time is known as electric ...
Read MoreTypes of Solid State Relay (SSRs)
Depending on the applications and switching methods, the solid state relays (SSRs) are of following types −Instant ON Solid State RelayZero Switching Solid State RelayPeak Switching Solid State RelayAnalog Switching Solid State RelayInstant ON SSRsThe instant ON SSR instantly switches on the load circuit when a sufficient input voltage is applied. It turns off when the input voltage is removed and the load current crosses the next zero. The instant ON SSRs are designed to control the inductive loads. The practical applications are in switching of contactors, magnetic valves, starters etc.Zero Switching SSRsA zero switching SSR switches on when an ...
Read MoreMagnetic Reluctance: Definition, Formula & Examples
The magnetic reluctance (S) is defined as the opposition offered by the magnetic circuit to the magnetic flux (ΦMagnetic Reluctance FormulaCase 1 – When physical dimensions of the magnetic circuit are knownThe reluctance of a magnetic circuit depends upon its length (l), cross-sectional area (a) and permeability (μ) of the material. Thus, for a magnetic circuit (as shown in the figure), The reluctance is directly proportional to the mean length of the magnetic circuit, i.e.$$\mathrm{Magnetic\:reluctance, S\varpropto\:l\:\:\:\:....(1)}$$The reluctance is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the mag. circuit.$$\mathrm{Magnetic\:reluctance, S\varpropto\:\frac{1}{a}\:\:\:\:....(2)}$$The reluctance also depends upon the nature of material that makes up ...
Read MoreThree-Phase Electric Power
Electric PowerElectric power is defined as the rate of doing work in an electric circuit. In other words, the electrical power is the energy expanded per unit time in an electric circuit, i.e.Electric Power, $$\mathrm{p=\frac{Work\:Done}{Time}\:\:\:\:...(1)}$$The electrical power is measured in watts (W).Three Phase Electric PowerAs the single phase instantaneous power (for lagging load) is given by, $$\mathrm{p=\frac{V_{m}I_{m}}{2}\cos\varphi-\frac{V_{m}I_{m}}{2}\cos(2\omega\:t-\varphi)}$$If the RMS values of voltage and currents are V and I respectively, then$$\mathrm{p=VI\cos\varphi-VI\cos(2\omega\:t-\varphi)\:\:\:\:...(2)}$$Now, consider a balanced three phase system, then the above expression can be applied for each phase of the three phases of the three-phase system. Therefore, the instantaneous power in three phases ...
Read MoreSolid-State Relay Circuit Components
A solid state relay circuit has following main components −Input Circuit ComponentsControl Circuit ComponentsOutput Circuit ComponentsInput Circuit ComponentsThe input circuit of solid state relay (SSR) is part to which the control circuit is connected and the control voltage is applied to this circuit. The input circuit of SSR performs the same function as the coil of an electromechanical relay. The input control voltage of a solid state relay is controlled by means of mechanical switches, transistors, logic gates, low-voltage signals etc. The input circuit is activated by applying an input control voltage to the SSR that being higher than the ...
Read MoreHow to measure low resistances? (Resistance Measurement Methods)
The resistances of the values of less than or equal to 1 Ω are classified as low resistances. For example, the resistances of armatures and series windings of large machines, ammeter shunts, contacts, etc.Measurement of Low ResistancesFor the measurement of low resistances, the following methods are used −Ammeter-Voltmeter MethodPotentiometer MethodKelvin Double Bridge MethodAmmeter – Voltmeter MethodIn this method, current through the unknown resistor (Rx) and the potential drop across it are simultaneously measured. The readings are obtained by ammeter and voltmeters respectively. There are two ways in ammeter and voltmeters may be connected for measurement as, Case 1 – When voltmeter ...
Read MoreHow to measure high resistances? (Resistance Measurement Methods)
Resistances of the order of 100 kΩ and upwards are classified as high resistances. For example, insulation resistances.Measurement of High ResistancesThe following methods are employed for the measurement of high resistances −Direct Deflection MethodLoss of Charge MethodMegohm BridgeMeggerDirect Deflection MethodIn this method, a very sensitive and high resistance (more than 1 kΩ) PMMC galvanometer is connected in series with the resistance to be measured and to a battery. The deflection of galvanometer gives the measure of unknown resistance. This method is mainly used for the measurement of insulation resistance.Let us take an example of direction deflection method for measuring insulation ...
Read MoreResistance and Impedance in an AC Circuit
Resistance in an AC CircuitConsider the circuit diagram, containing an AC sinusoidal voltage source and an unknown passive element (K). The element K will be a resistance, only if the voltage across it and the current flowing through it, are in phase with each other.ExplanationLet the equation for alternating voltage is$$\mathrm{v=V_{m}\sin\omega\:t\:\:\:...(1)}$$As a result of this voltage, an alternating current i will flow through the element. Now, the applied voltage has to overcome the drop in the element only, i.e.$$\mathrm{v=i\times\:k}$$$$\mathrm{\Rightarrow\:i=\frac{v}{k}=\frac{V_{m}\sin\omega\:t}{k}\:\:\:...(2)}$$The value of current will be maximum, when sin(ωt) = 1.$$\mathrm{\therefore\:I_{m}=\frac{V_{m}}{K}}$$Thus, the equation (2) becomes, $$\mathrm{i=I_{m}\sin\omega\:t\:\:\:...(3)}$$It is clear from the eqns. (1) ...
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