chr () in Python

The chr() function in Python returns a string representing a character whose Unicode code point is the integer supplied as parameter. For example, chr(65) returns the string 'A', while chr(126) returns the string '~'.

Syntax

The syntax of the chr() function is as follows ?

chr(n)

Where n is an integer value representing the Unicode code point.

Basic Example

The below program shows how chr() is used. We supply various integer values as parameters and get back the respective characters ?

# Printing the strings from chr() function
print(chr(84), chr(85), chr(84), chr(79), chr(82))

T U T O R

Using a Series of Numbers

We can use Python data structures like lists to loop through a series of numbers and apply the chr() function to create a required string ?

result_str = ""
series = [84, 85, 84, 79, 82, 73, 65, 76, 83]

for code in series:
    char = chr(code)
    result_str = result_str + char

print(result_str)

TUTORIALS

More Examples

Here are additional examples showing different Unicode ranges ?

# ASCII lowercase letters
print(chr(97), chr(98), chr(99))  # a b c

# ASCII digits
print(chr(48), chr(49), chr(50))  # 0 1 2

# Special characters
print(chr(64), chr(35), chr(36))  # @ # $

# Creating a string from a range
numbers = list(range(65, 70))  # [65, 66, 67, 68, 69]
letters = ''.join(chr(num) for num in numbers)
print(letters)

a b c
0 1 2
@ # $
ABCDE

Key Points

• chr() accepts integers from 0 to 1,114,111 (0x10FFFF)
• It's the inverse of the ord() function
• Commonly used for ASCII values (0-127) and Unicode characters
• Raises ValueError if the argument is outside the valid range

Conclusion

The chr() function converts Unicode code points to their corresponding characters. It's useful for generating characters programmatically and working with character encodings in Python applications.