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User View vs System View in Operating System
An operating system is a construct that allows user application programs to interact with the system hardware. Operating system by itself does not provide any function but it provides an atmosphere in which different applications and programs can do useful work.
The operating system can be observed from two distinct perspectives − the user view and the system view. Each perspective focuses on different aspects and priorities of the operating system's functionality.
User View
The user view depends on the system interface that is used by the users. The operating system's design priorities vary based on the type of computing environment and user expectations.
Types of User View Experiences
Personal Computer − The operating system is designed to maximize ease of use and convenience. Performance is important, but resource sharing is minimal since the user has exclusive access to all system resources.
Mainframe Terminal − The operating system focuses primarily on efficient resource utilization. Multiple terminals share the mainframe's resources (CPU, memory, I/O devices), requiring fair allocation among all connected users.
Network Workstation − The operating system balances individual resource usage with network sharing capabilities. It manages local resources exclusively while enabling file and resource sharing across the network.
Mobile Device − The operating system emphasizes usability, battery optimization, and touch interface management. Power consumption is a critical consideration alongside remote connectivity features.
Some embedded systems (home appliances, automotive computers) have minimal or no user view since they operate without direct user interaction.
System View
From the system perspective, the operating system serves as the essential bridge between applications and hardware, providing low-level control and resource management services.
Key System View Functions
Resource Allocator − Manages and distributes system resources (CPU time, memory space, file storage, I/O devices) among competing processes to ensure optimal system performance and fairness.
Control Program − Supervises process execution and I/O operations to prevent errors, maintain system stability, and ensure proper device functionality.
Hardware Abstraction Layer − Provides a simplified interface to complex hardware components, making it easier for applications to interact with the underlying system without requiring detailed hardware knowledge.
Kernel Program − Functions as the core program running continuously in the background, managing all application programs and providing essential system services.
Comparison
| Aspect | User View | System View |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Focus | Ease of use, convenience | Resource management, efficiency |
| Key Concerns | User interface, usability | Hardware control, allocation |
| Perspective | External (application layer) | Internal (system layer) |
| Variability | Changes based on device type | Consistent across systems |
Conclusion
The user view and system view represent two complementary perspectives of operating system functionality. While the user view emphasizes usability and varies by device type, the system view focuses on consistent resource management and hardware control. Understanding both perspectives is essential for comprehending how operating systems serve both end users and the computing system itself.
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