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What is strncpy() Function in C language?
The C library function char *strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n) copies up to n characters from the string pointed to, by src to dest. In a case where, the length of src is less than that of n, the remainder of dest will be padded with null bytes.
An array of characters is called a string.
Declaration
Following is the declaration for an array −
char stringname [size];
For example − char string[50]; string of length 50 characters
Initialization
- Using single character constant −
char string[10] = { ‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’ ,‘\0’}- Using string constants −
char string[10] = "Hello":;
Accessing − There is a control string "%s" used for accessing the string till it encounters ‘\0’.
The strncpy( ) function
This function is used for copying ‘n’ characters of source string into destination string.
The length of the destination string is greater than or equal to the source string.
The syntax is as follows −
strncpy (Destination string, Source String, n);
Example program
Following is the C program for strncpy() function −
#include<string.h>
main ( ){
char a[50], b[50];
printf ("enter a string");
gets (a);
strncpy (b,a,3);
b[3] = '\0';
printf ("copied string = %s",b);
getch ( );
}Output
When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −
Enter a string : Hello Copied string = Hel
It is also used for extracting substrings.
Example 1
The following example shows the usage of strncpy() function.
char result[10], s1[15] = "Jan 10 2010"; strncpy (result, &s1[4], 2); result[2] = ‘\0’
Output
When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −
Result = 10
Example 2
Let’s see another example on strncpy.
Given below is a C program to copy n number of characters from source string to destination string using strncpy library function −
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main(){
//Declaring source and destination strings//
char source[45],destination[50];
char destination1[10],destination2[10],destination3[10],destination4[10];
//Reading source string and destination string from user//
printf("Enter the source string :");
gets(source);
//Extracting the new destination string using strncpy//
strncpy(destination1,source,2);
printf("The first destination value is : ");
destination1[2]='\0';//Garbage value is being printed in the o/p because always assign null value before printing O/p//
puts(destination1);
strncpy(destination2,&source[8],1);
printf("The second destination value is : ");
destination2[1]='\0';
puts(destination2);
strncpy(destination3,&source[12],1);
printf("The third destination value is : ");
destination3[1]='\0';
puts(destination3);
//Concatenate all the above results//
strcat(destination1,destination2);
strcat(destination1,destination3);
printf("The modified destination string :");
printf("%s3",destination1);//Is there a logical way to concatenate numbers to the destination string?//
}Output
When the above program is executed, it produces the following result −
Enter the source string :Tutorials Point The first destination value is : Tu The second destination value is : s The third destination value is : i The modified destination string :Tusi3
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