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Articles by Revathi Satya Kondra
65 articles
Absolute Difference of all pairwise consecutive elements in an array (C++)?
An array in C++ is a data structure used to store multiple values of the same type in a contiguous block of memory. To know that how values shift from one index to the next, a common and practical technique is to compute the absolute difference between each pair of consecutive elements. Absolute Difference The absolute difference is the positive distance between two numbers, regardless of which one is larger. It is computed using the abs() function from the library. Absolute difference between a and b is denoted as |a - b|. For example, |7 - 3| = ...
Read MoreCan we use function on left side of an expression in C and C++?
In C, you cannot use a function call on the left side of an assignment if it returns a value because function calls return non-assignable values. For example, function_name() = value; However, if the function returns a pointer, you can dereference it to assign a value. For example, *function_name() = value; In C++, the same rule applies. You can use the returned reference/pointer on the left side to modify the original variable which is valid only if it returns a reference. function_name() = value; Note: References allow direct access to variables, and pointers allow indirect access via dereferencing. ...
Read MoreHow do I define string constants in C++?
In C++, a string constant also called a string literal is a fixed sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes (" "). For example: "This is a string" and it is used to read-only memory, and its value cannot be changed during the program. Defining C++ Strings ConstantsYou can define your own named string constants by using: String Literals The const keyword The #define preprocessor directive The constexpr keyword(in modern C++) Let us understand each type of String Constant in C++ by ...
Read MoreHow to read a text file with C++?
In C++, you can read data from a text file using file handling features provided by the header. This is useful when you want your program to read input stored in a file instead of typing it every time. To do this, you use a special object called ifstream (input file stream), which helps your program open the file and read its contents line by line or word by word. Reading a text file is helpful when: You want to process saved data (like scores, settings, or logs). You want to ...
Read MoreHow can I get the list of files in a directory using C or C++?
Listing files in a directory is used to write a program that opens a specified folder (e.g: "/myfiles"), reads its contents, and displays the names of each file and subfolder one by one. In C/C++, to see all the files in a directory, you can use special system functions that let you read the directory's contents. In real life, we open folder to see the contents inside the files. Similarly, in C or C++, we can write a program to display all the files and folders in a directory. Algorithm Following is the algorithm to get the list of files ...
Read MoreWhat is the relation between auto and decltype in C++?
The auto and decltype serve different purposes so they don't map one-to-one. The auto is a keyword in C++11 and later that is used for automatic type deduction. The decltype type specifier yields the type of a specified expression. Unlike auto that deduces types based on values being assigned to the variable, decltype deduces the type from an expression passed to it. The value returned by decltype can directly be used to define another variable. The auto follows the rules of template parameter deduction. You can read more about these rule at Template Argument Deduction While decltype has rules it ...
Read MoreHow to append text to a text file in C++?
Appending text means adding new content to an existing file without removing its current content. In C++, this can be done by opening the file in append mode and writing the specified content to it. Steps to Append Text to a Text File You need to follow the below steps to open a file in append mode and append the content to it: First of all, you need to include the header file. Them, create an ofstream object to write to the file. Open the file in append mode using the ios::app flag. Use the
Read MoreWhat is the difference between a definition and a declaration in C++?
In C++, declaration and definition are often confused. A declaration tells the compiler about the name and type, while a definition allocates memory or provides implementation. In this article, we will understand their differences with examples. What is a Declaration in C++? A declaration means (in C or C++) that you are telling the compiler about type, size and in case of function declaration, type and size of its parameters of any variable, or user-defined type or function in your program. No space is reserved in memory for any variable in case of the declaration. Following is the syntax to ...
Read MoreWhat is the best way to read an entire file into a std::string in C++?
To read an entire file into a std::string in C++, you can open the file using std::ifstream, read its contents using a std::stringstream or by moving the file pointer at the specified position, and then store the result in a std::string. Algorithm Here is a simple algorithm to read an entire file into a std::string in C++: Begin. Open the file using an ifstream object. Check if the file is successfully opened. Create an ostringstream object. Read the file content using rdbuf() and write it into the ostringstream. ...
Read MoreBuiltin functions of GCC compiler in C++
When you want to write a program in C++, your compiler (like GCC) converts your code into computer language. While doing this, GCC offers some special functions called built-in functions. The built-in functions are predefined functions by the compiler itself, but not provided by any standard library. The GCC compiler provides several built-in functions. Some of these functions are listed below: __builtin_popcount(x) __builtin_parity(x) __builtin_clz(x) __builtin_ctz(x) The __builtin_popcount(x) Function This builtin function is used to count the number of 1s in an integer ...
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