In digital images, the gaussian noise is a type of noise that follows a normal or Gaussian distribution. In a digital image, the gaussian noise is visualized as a random variation in pixel intensities. The estimation of gaussian noise is one of the important tasks in digital image processing utilized ... Read More

In digital image processing, denoising is a process of reducing or removing the unwanted noise from a digital image. The primary objective of this process is to enhance the visual quality of an image. Before discussing the different denoising techniques in digital image processing, let us first get an overview ... Read More

In this article, we will discuss different types of ICs (Integrated Circuits) in electronics. As we know, the integrated circuits (ICs) are one of the crucial parts of all electronic devices and systems. Without ICs, most of the hi tech electronic devices and gadgets that we use would cease to ... Read More

Let's start this tutorial with a basic introduction of 8:1 multiplexer before moving on to cover how a three variable logic function can be implemented using an 8:1 multiplexer. Introduction to 8:1 Multiplexer A multiplexer (or MUX) is a digital logic circuit that accepts multiple data inputs and allows only ... Read More

Simplification is an approach in which a Boolean expression is minimized or reduced into an equivalent expression by using some Boolean identities. Boolean algebra is a mathematic applied to binary number system. It was developed by George Boole, an English mathematician, to simplify complex logical operation to their simplest form. ... Read More

Let's start this tutorial with some basics of SOP form and NOR gates before getting into the details of how to realize a logic function or Boolean expression in SOP form using NOR gates only. SOP Form SOP form stands for Sum of Products form. SOP form is one ... Read More

SOP Form SOP form stands for Sum of Products form. SOP form is one in which a Boolean expression is expressed as a sum of product terms. For example, $$\mathrm{\mathit{f}\lgroup A, B, C\rgroup=AB+ABC+B\overline{C}}$$ This is a Boolean function expressed in SOP (Sum of Products) form. NAND Gate The NAND Gate ... Read More

In positional number systems, the radix is the total number of unique digits that are used to represent numbers in that number system. Radix is also called Base. For example, in decimal number system, we use total ten digits from 0 to 9 (i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... Read More

The K-Map or Karnaugh Map is a systematic method of simplifying a complex Boolean function or expression. The K-Map is basically a graph or a chart which consists of a certain number of adjacent cells. Each cell represents a particular combination of variables in either sum or product form. However, ... Read More

Any Boolean function or logical expression can be expressed in either canonical/standard sum of products form or canonical/standard product of sums form. The standard sum of products form of a logical expression contains different product terms which are added together, and each product term is referred to as a minterm. ... Read More