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Articles by Bhanu Priya
Page 46 of 106
What are the essential properties of the different types of operating systems?
The essential properties of the different types of operating systems are as follows −Batch Operating systemJobs with similar needs are batched together and run through the computer as a group by an operator or automatic job sequencer. Performance is increased by attempting to keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times through buffering, off line operation, spooling and multiprogramming. Batch the large jobs that need little interaction, it can be submitted old for exe and picked up later.Interactive operating systemThe system is composed of many short transactions where the results of the next transaction may be predictable. The response ...
Read MoreWhat is dispatcher and difference between dispatcher and scheduler?
The dispatcher is done after the scheduler. It gives control of the CPU to the process selected by the short term scheduler. After selecting the process, the dispatcher gives CPU to it.Functions of dispatcherThe functions of the dispatcher are as follows −Switching context.Switching to user mode.Jumping to the proper location in the user program to restart that program.The time it takes for the dispatcher to step one process and start another running is known as dispatch latency.Given below is the diagram of dispatcher −DifferencesThe differences between scheduler and dispatcher are as follows −All the processes are in a ready state ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between event driven paradigm and algorithmic paradigms
Let us understand what algorithmic paradigms are.Algorithmic paradigmsAn algorithmic paradigm is a generic model or framework that underlies the design of a class of algorithms. It is an abstraction higher than the notion of an algorithm, and higher than a computer program.The different algorithm paradigms are as follows −Brute force paradigm.Greedy paradigm.Backtracking paradigm.Divide and conquer paradigm.Dynamic programming paradigm.Event-driven paradigmsThe event-driven is a programming paradigm where the flow of the program is determined by events like user actions (mouse clicks, key presses), sensor outputs, and message passing from other programs or threads.Given below is the diagram of event driven paradigm −DifferencesThe ...
Read MoreHow are system calls connected to the operating system?
System calls are a method to program for communicating through an operating system. Application developers unable to possess straight access with system calls might be able to access with API (Which indicates the way that software components must communicate).System call provides an interface between the user program and the operating system. When the user wants to give an instruction to the OS then it will do it through system calls. Or a user program can access the kernel which is a part of the OS through system calls.It is a programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service ...
Read MoreWhat are interrupts and how interrupt handling is done in modern operating systems?
Interrupts are generally called signals which are generated by the software or hardware when a particular event or process requires immediate attention. So, the signal informs the processor about a high priority and urgent information demand causing an interruption in the current working process.Thus, whenever an interruption occurs the processor finishes the current instruction execution and starts the execution of the interrupt known as interrupt handling. Moreover, for every interrupt handling to occur there is an Interrupt service routine (ISR) or interrupt handler.Interrupt handling in modern operating systemsIn several operating systems such as Linux. mac or windows Interrupt handling is ...
Read MoreCompare and analyze any two major variations of message passing systems
Let us discuss about the below two types of message passing systems, which are as follows −Client Server Message PassingConsider an application that you are trying to read data from the filesystem. That means here the application is a client requesting the data from a server. This client or server model introduces many process states that are associated with message passing.Initially, the server has to wait for a message to arrive from another system which is present somewhere else. At this point, the server is said to be receive-blocked.When a message is received, the server enters into the READY state, ...
Read MoreHow can kernels context-switch between processes?
Whenever the transaction between user and kernel mode is required, a context switch is not necessary; simply a mode transition is not a context switch. Because, depending on the operating system, a context switch may also take place at this time.Let us see the major steps of Context SwitchingThe values of the CPU registers are generally saved in the process table of the process which was running before the clock interrupt occurred.To run next the registers are loaded from the process and picked by the CPU scheduler.Consider a multi-programmed single processor system, the context switches occur frequently so that all ...
Read MoreWhat is Process Suspension and Process Switching?
Let us begin by understanding what process suspension is.Process suspensionWhenever the processes in main memory are entered into the blocked state, the operating system suspends one process by putting it in the Suspended state and transferring it to disk. The free space present in the memory is used for bringing another process.Many OS are around Ready, Running, Blocked states. But generally, there is one more state in the operation of an OS that is suspended.If any process is not occupying the main memory which is in a Ready state, OS swaps one of the blocked processes out onto the Suspend ...
Read MoreWhat are a scheduler and a dispatcher in OS?
Let us begin by understanding what a scheduler is.SchedulerIt is used for handling the process and makes scheduling for the process. The main task of the scheduler is to select the process and make order of process, and to decide which process runs first.Types of SchedulersThere are three different types of schedulers, which are as follows −Long term schedulerLong term scheduling is performed when a new process is created, if the number of ready processes in the ready queue becomes very high, and then there is an overhead on the operating system, for maintaining long lists, containing switching and dispatching ...
Read MoreWhat happens to a PCB when the state of a process changes?
Process control block (PCB) is used by the operating system to store different information about the process including process state, registers, program counter, registers etc. It plays an important role when a context switching happens (the current process is pre-empted by another process with higher priority).The important information stored in PCB includes the following −Process Number (PID) − Used to uniquely identify each process.Program counter − It stores the address of the next instruction which is to be executed.Register Info − Includes different CPU registers such as base, accumulators and general purpose register.State − State in the life cycle of ...
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