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Articles by Bhanu Priya
Page 22 of 106
What is an instruction set in a computer?
An instruction is a set of codes that the computer processor can understand. The code is usually in 1s and 0s, or machine language. It contains instructions or tasks that control the movement of bits and bytes within the processor.Example of some instruction sets −ADD − Add two numbers together.JUMP − Jump to designated RAM address.LOAD − Load information from RAM to the CPU.Types of Instruction SetGenerally, there are two types of instruction set used in computers.Reduced Instruction set Computer (RISC)A number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with simple constructs so that they can be executed ...
Read MoreExplain about nested queries in DBMS
A nested query is a query that has another query embedded within it. The embedded query is called a subquery.A subquery typically appears within the WHERE clause of a query. It can sometimes appear in the FROM clause or HAVING clause.ExampleLet’s learn about nested queries with the help of an example.Find the names of employee who have regno=103The query is as follows −select E.ename from employee E where E.eid IN (select S.eid from salary S where S.regno=103);Student tableThe student table is created as follows −create table student(id number(10), name varchar2(20), classID number(10), marks varchar2(20)); Insert into student values(1, 'pinky', 3, ...
Read MoreWhat is tier-3 architecture in DBMS?
The overall design of the Database Management System (DBMS) depends on its architecture. A large amount of data on web servers, Personal Computers (PC) and other elements are linked with networks with the help of basic client or server architecture.PCs and workstations are part of Client architecture that are connected over the network. The architecture of DBMS depends on how the users are linked to the database.There are three kinds of DBMS Architecture, which are as follows −Tier-1 Architecture.Tier-2 Architecture.Tier-3 Architecture.Tier-3 ArchitectureThe 3-tier architecture contains one more layer between the client and the server.In this architecture, there is no direct ...
Read MoreWhat are Virtual Machines in Operating System?
A virtual machine (VM) is a virtual environment which functions as a virtual computer system with its own CPU, memory, network interface, and storage, created on a physical hardware system.VMs are isolated from the rest of the system, and multiple VMs can exist on a single piece of hardware, like a server. That means, it as a simulated image of application software and operating system which is executed on a host computer or a server.It has its own operating system and software that will facilitate the resources to virtual computers.Characteristics of virtual machinesThe characteristics of the virtual machines are as ...
Read MoreWhat are the applications of DBMS?
The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, update and store information.Applications of DBMSIn so many fields, we will use a database management system.Let’s see some of the applications where database management system uses −Railway Reservation System − The railway reservation system database plays a very important role by keeping record of ticket booking, train’s departure time and ...
Read MoreWhat are the DCL commands in DBMS?
Data control language (DCL) is used to access the stored data. It is mainly used for revoke and to grant the user the required access to a database. In the database, this language does not have the feature of rollback.It is a part of the structured query language (SQL).It helps in controlling access to information stored in a database. It complements the data manipulation language (DML) and the data definition language (DDL).It is the simplest among three commands.It provides the administrators, to remove and set database permissions to desired users as needed.These commands are employed to grant, remove and deny ...
Read MoreWhat are data link layer design issues?
The Data Link layer is located between physical and network layers. It provides services to the Network layer and it receives services from the physical layer. The scope of the data link layer is node-to-node.The following are the design issues in the Data Link Layer −The services that are provided to the Network layer.FramingError controlFlow controlServices to the Network LayerIn OSI each layer uses the services of the bottom layer and provides services to the above layer. The main function of this layer is to provide a well defined service interface over the network layer.Types of ServicesThe services are of ...
Read MoreWhat is a multiprogramming Operating System?
Multiprogramming OS is an ability of an operating system that executes more than one program using a single processor machine.More than one task or program or jobs are present inside the main memory at one point of time.Buffering and spooling can overlap I/O and CPU tasks to improve the system performance but it has some limitations that a single user cannot always keep CPU or I/O busy all the time.To increase resource utilization, multiprogramming approaches.Operating SystemJob1Job2---Job NEmpty spaceThe OS could pick and start the execution of one of the jobs in memory, whenever the jobs does not need CPU that ...
Read MoreWhat is the purpose of Database Management System?
The Database Management System (DBMS) is defined as a software system that allows the user to define, create and maintain the database and provide control access to the data.It is a collection of programs used for managing data and simultaneously it supports different types of users to create, manage, retrieve, update and store information.PurposeThe purpose of DBMS is to transform the following −Data into information.Information into knowledge.Knowledge to the action.The diagram given below explains the process as to how the transformation of data to information to knowledge to action happens respectively in the DBMS −Previously, the database applications were built ...
Read MoreWhat are the components of DBMS?
Hardware, Software, Data, Database Access Language, Procedures and Users all together form the components of a DBMS.Let us discuss the components one by one clearly.HardwareThe hardware is the actual computer system used for keeping and accessing the database. The conventional DBMS hardware consists of secondary storage devices such as hard disks. Databases run on the range of machines from micro computers to mainframes.SoftwareSoftware is the actual DBMS between the physical database and the users of the system. All the requests from the user for accessing the database are handled by DBMS.DataIt is an important component of the database management system. ...
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