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Articles by Bhanu Priya
Page 18 of 106
Explain attributes and the different types of attributes in DBMS?
Attributes are the properties which describe an entity. Example The attributes of student entity are as follows − Roll number Name Branch Age Types of attributes The different types of attributes are as follows − Composite attribute It can be divided into smaller sub parts, each sub part can form an independent attribute. For example − ...
Read MoreHow does the operating system act as a resource manager and extended machine?
An operating system is the interface between the user and the machine which controls and coordinates the use of the hardware among the various application programs for the various users. Operating System as Extended Machine Let us understand how the operating system works as an Extended Machine. At the Machine level the structure of a computer’s system is complicated to program, mainly for input or output. Programmers do not deal with hardware. They will always mainly focus on implementing software. Therefore, a level of abstraction is supposed ...
Read MoreWhat is hierarchical routing?
In hierarchical routing, the routers are divided into regions. Each router has complete details about how to route packets to destinations within its own region. But it does not have any idea about the internal structure of other regions.As we know, in both LS and DV algorithms, every router needs to save some information about other routers. When network size is growing, the number of routers in the network will increase. Therefore, the size of routing table increases, then routers cannot handle network traffic as efficiently. To overcome this problem we are using hierarchical routing.In hierarchical routing, routers are classified ...
Read MoreWhat are guided and unguided transmission media?
In transmission media is the way the systems are connected to route data signals in a network.The telecommunication links are classified into two categories −Guided media (wired)Unguided media (wireless).Both guided and unguided are used for short distance (LANs, MANs) as well as long distance (WANs) communication.Let us discuss Guided transmission media.Guided transmission mediaGuided transmission media consists of physical connection between source and destination through a wire or a cable.There are three basic types of guided media which are as follows −Twisted pair cableCo-axial cableFiber-optic cableTwisted Pair CopperStep 1 − It is the most used media across the world. All the ...
Read MoreExplain the role of the Database Administrator in DBMS?
A database administrator (DBA) is a person or group in charge of implementing DBMS in an organization. The DBA job requires a high degree of technical expertise. DBA consists of a team of people rather than just one person.The primary role of Database administrator is as follows −Database designPerformance issuesDatabase accessibilityCapacity issuesData replicationTable MaintenanceResponsibilities of DBAThe responsibilities of DBA are as follows −Makes the decision concerning the content of the database.Plans the storage structure and access strategy.Provides the support to the users.Defines the security and integrity checks.Interpreter backup and recovery strategies.Monitoring the performance and responding to the changes in the ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between DFA and NFA?
DFA is the short form for the deterministic finite automata and NFA is for the Non-deterministic finite automata. Now, let us understand in detail about these two finite automata.DFAA Deterministic Finite automata is a five-tuple automata. Following is the definition of DFA −M=(Q, Σ, δ, q0, F)Where, Q : Finite set called states.Σ : Finite set called alphabets.δ : Q × Σ → Q is the transition function.q0 ϵ Q is the start or initial state.F : Final or accept state.NFANFA also has five states same as DFA, but with different transition function, as shown follows −δ: Q X Σ ...
Read MoreWhat is computer architecture?
Computer architecture can be defined as a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, management and implementation of computers. To be precise, it is nothing but rules by which a system performs and operates.Sub-divisionsComputer Architecture can be divided into mainly three categories, which are as follows −Instruction set Architecture or ISA − Whenever an instruction is given to processor, its role is to read and act accordingly. It allocates memory to instructions and also acts upon memory address mode (Direct Addressing mode or Indirect Addressing mode).Micro Architecture − It describes how a particular processor will handle and implement ...
Read MoreWhat is memory hierarchy?
The Computer memory hierarchy looks like a pyramid structure which is used to describe the differences among memory types. It separates the computer storage based on hierarchy.Level 0: CPU registersLevel 1: Cache memoryLevel 2: Main memory or primary memoryLevel 3: Magnetic disks or secondary memoryLevel 4: Optical disks or magnetic types or tertiary MemoryIn Memory Hierarchy the cost of memory, capacity is inversely proportional to speed. Here the devices are arranged in a manner Fast to slow, that is form register to Tertiary memory.Let us discuss each level in detail:Level-0 − RegistersThe registers are present inside the CPU. As they ...
Read MoreWhat is data Abstraction in DBMS?
Data Abstraction is a process of hiding unwanted or irrelevant details from the end user. It provides a different view and helps in achieving data independence which is used to enhance the security of data.The database systems consist of complicated data structures and relations. For users to access the data easily, these complications are kept hidden, and only the relevant part of the database is made accessible to the users through data abstraction.Levels of abstraction for DBMSDatabase systems include complex data-structures. In terms of retrieval of data, reduce complexity in terms of usability of users and in order to make ...
Read MoreWhat are the C library functions?
Library functions are built-in functions that are grouped together and placed in a common location called library. Each function here performs a specific operation. We can use this library functions to get the pre-defined output. All C standard library functions are declared by using many header files. These library functions are created at the time of designing the compilers. We include the header files in our C program by using #include. Whenever the program is run and executed, the related files are included in the C program. Header File Functions Some of the header file functions are as follows − ...
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