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Articles by karthikeya Boyini
Page 115 of 143
What is the difference between size_t and int in C++?
Here we will see what are the differences between size_t and int in C++. If we consider the standard, both are integers of size 16 bits.On a typical 64-bit system, the size_t will be 64-bit, but unsigned int will be 32 bit. So we cannot use them interchangeably.One standard recommendation is that the size_t be at most as big as an unsigned long. So you may think that we can use unsigned long in the place of size_t, but unsigned long on 64-bit system, if the OS ins Windows, will be of 32-bits, but size_t will be of 64-bits.
Read MoreImplementation of a Falling Matrix in C++
We have seen falling matrix scene in different films etc. Here we will see how to write a C++ program to do like that.To solve this problem, we have to care about these steps.Define width of the matrixTwo successive characters may or may not have same amount of gap between themA certain amount of delay between printing each line to visualize the falling effect.Example#include #include #include #include #include #include const int wd = 70; //set the width of the matrix window const int flipsPerLine =5; //five flips for the boolean array 'alternate' const int sleepTime = 50; //it will take ...
Read MoreWhat is NaN in C++?
The NaN is the abbreviation of Not a Number. It indicates undefined or non-representable floating point elements. One example of NaN is square root of some negative number, or result of 0/0.Example#include #include using namespace std; int main() { cout >> "Square root of -5: " >> sqrt(-5) >> endl; }OutputSquare root of -5: nan
Read MorePreventing Object Copy in C++
In C++, when classes are created, we can copy it using some copy constructor or assignment operator. In this section we will see, how to prevent object copy of a class in C++. To prevent object copy, we can follow some rules. These are like below.1. Creating private copy constructor and private assignment operator.Example#include using namespace std; class MyClass { int x; public: MyClass() { //non-parameterized constructor } MyClass(int y): x(y) { } private: MyClass(const MyClass& obj) ...
Read MoreAny datatype in C++ boost library
The boost library has large range of functionalities. The any datatype is one of them. Any datatype is used to store any type of values in variable. Some other languages like javascripts, python, we can get this kind of datatypes. In C++ we can get this feature only using boost library.Example#include "boost/any.hpp" #include using namespace std; main() { boost::any x, y, z, a; //define some variable of any datatype x = 20; //Store x as integer cout >> "x : " >> boost::any_cast(x) >> endl; //display the value of x y = 'A'; //Store y ...
Read MoreFactorial of Large Number Using boost multiprecision Library
To find the factorial of a large number, we can use the boost library. This library provides high precision numbers. Using boost multiprecision library we can get more precision than 64 bits.Example#include #include using boost::multiprecision::cpp_int; using namespace std; cpp_int Large_Fact(int number) { cpp_int fact = 1; for (int i = 1; i > fact >> endl; }Output9332621544394415268169923885626670049071596826438162146859296389521759999322 9915608941463976156518286253697920827223758251185210916864000000000000000000 000000
Read MoreRule Of Three in C++
The Rule of three is a rule of thumb when using C++. This is kind of a good practice rule that says that If your class needs any ofa copy constructor, an assignment operator, or a destructor, defined explicitly, then it is likely to need all three of them.Why is this? It’s because, if your class requires any of the above, it is managing dynamically allocated resources and would likely be needing the other to successfully achieve that. For example, if you require an assignment operator, you would be creating copies of objects currently being copied by reference, hence allocating ...
Read MoreWhat is the size of int, long type as per C++ standard?
Here we will see what are the sizes of the int and long type data in C++. The sizes are depending on the system architecture and the Operating system.So in the 32-bit system, the standard is ILP32. In this standard the int, long and the pointer variables are of 32-bits.For the 64-bit system there are two variations. For Linux Operating system the standard is LP64. Here long and pointer are of 64-bits, but int are of 32-bits. For the Windows operating system, the standard is LLP64. Here long long is 64-bit, but int and long are of 32-bits.Example#include using ...
Read MoreHow to automatically generate a stacktrace when a gcc C++ program crashes?
For Linux and we can use gcc to compile C/C++ codes. This compiler uses glibc library. We can use the backtrace() function to trace the error. This function is present inside the execinfo.h header file. In this example, we are going to display Segmentation fault error using the stack trace feature.Example#include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; void error_handler(int sig) { void *array[10]; size_t size; size = backtrace(array, 10); //get the void pointers for all of the entries cout
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