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Utilization of Electrical Energy Articles
Page 9 of 13
Design of Heating Element
The device which receives electrical energy as input and converts it into the heat energy is known as a heating element.The wire employed for the heating element may be circular or rectangular. By determining the electrical input and its voltage, the size (or diameter) and length of the wire required as the heating element to produce the given temperature can be calculated.Design of Heating ElementConsider the heating element is in the circular shape. Therefore, the length and diameter of the heating element can be calculated as follows −According to the Stefan's law, the heat dissipated is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathit{H}\:=\:5.72\:\mathit{Ke}\mathrm{\left [ ...
Read MoreCoreless Induction Furnace: Construction, Working, Advantages, Applications
Coreless Induction FurnaceCoreless induction furnace, also known as high frequency induction furnace, is a refractory lined vessel surrounded by an electrically energized, current carrying, water-cooled copper coil. As its name implies, no core is provided in the coreless induction furnace.The electric current in the copper coil forms an electromagnetic field, generating heat energy that melts the charge.Construction of Coreless Induction FurnaceThe schematic diagram of a coreless type induction furnace is shown in the figure below.It has the following three main parts viz −Primary windingSecondary winding − The ceramic crucible containing the charge forms the secondary winding.Frame of the furnace − ...
Read MoreShielded Metal Arc Welding: Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications
Shielded Metal Arc WeldingThe shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a type of electric arc welding in which coalescences of metals is produced by heat from an electric arc created between the tip of a consumable electrode and the surface of the base material at point of welding.The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is also known as manual metal arc welding (MMAW), flux shielded arc welding or stick welding. The shielded metal arc welding is a manual arc welding process which uses a consumable electrode coated in flux to lay the weld. An electric current, either AC or DC, is ...
Read MoreMaterials Used for Heating Elements and the Causes of their Failure
Materials Used for Heating ElementAn electric heating element is a device which converts electrical energy input into heat energy output. No single element, metallic or non-metallic, is used for designing the heating elements. Different alloys have been tried to obtain different temperature. The various heating alloys are given as follows −The alloys commonly used for low and medium temperature services are −Alloy of Nickel and Chromium, where Ni = 80 % and Cr = 20%. The Ni-Cr alloy is suitable for temperature up to 1200 °C.Alloy of Nickel, Chromium and Iron, where Ni = 65%, Cr = 15% and Fe ...
Read MoreIndirect Core Type Induction Furnace: Construction & Working Principle
Induction Heating FurnaceAn electrical furnace in which the heat is produced by induction heating of metal, is called the induction heating furnace. The induction heating furnaces have the capacities range from less than 1 kg to 100 tons and are used to melt various metals like iron, copper, aluminium, etc.Indirect Core Type Induction FurnaceThe indirect core type induction furnace works on the principle of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction (mutual inductance). The schematic of an indirect core type induction furnace is shown in the figure below.In this type of induction furnace, a heating element is heated by induction, which transfers ...
Read MoreIndirect Arc Furnace – Construction, Working, and Applications
Indirect Arc FurnaceAn electric arc furnace in which the heat is produced by striking the arc between two electrodes and then transferred to the charge to be heated is called an indirect arc furnace.In an indirect electric arc furnace, the electric arc does not come in contact with the charge but heat is transferred through radiation from the electric arc to the top surface of the charge and through conduction from the top surface to the bottom layer in the charge.Construction and WorkingThe construction of the indirect arc furnace is shown in the figure. The figure shows a rocking arc ...
Read MoreHigh Frequency Eddy Current Heating: Working, Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications
Eddy Current HeatingWhen the heating of the charge is done by the induced eddy currents in charge, it is known as eddy current heating.To heat the charge by eddy current heating process, the charge is placed inside a current carrying coil. The current is the high frequency alternating current. For this reason, this method is also called the high frequency eddy current heating. The alternating magnetic field produced by the coil sets up eddy currents in the charge to be heated. Consequently, the charge gets heated-up. The coil used for creating the magnetic field is known as heater coil or ...
Read MoreElectric Resistance Furnaces or Ovens: Types & Applications
Electric Resistance FurnaceThe resistance furnaces or ovens are the insulated closed chambers with a provision for ventilation. The resistance furnaces or ovens are used for heat treatment of metals, commercial or domestic heating, pottery work, etc.The different elements of the furnace can be energies from DC or AC supply of the rated voltage. The star-delta formation provides a wide variation of the temperature.In case of batch type resistance furnace, the charge is inserted in the furnace. The figure shows a typical batch type resistance furnace. Here, it is heated for a specific time at a specific temperature and then removed. ...
Read MoreDirect Horizontal Core Type Induction Heating Furnace
Induction Heating FurnaceAn electrical furnace in which the heat is produced by induction heating of metal, is called the induction heating furnace. The induction heating furnaces have the capacities range from less than 1 kg to 100 tons and are used to melt various metals like iron, copper, aluminium, etc.Direct Core Type Induction FurnaceThe schematic diagram of a direct horizontal core type induction heating furnace is shown in the figure below.It works on the transformer action in which the charge to be heated forms a single-turn short-circuited secondary winding and it is magnetically coupled to the primary winding through iron ...
Read MoreDirect Arc Furnace: Types, Electrical and Mechanical Requirements
An electric furnace is the furnace that heats materials by means of an electric arc is called the electric arc furnace (EAF).Direct Arc FurnaceThe direct arc furnace is the one in which the electric arc is struck between the electrode and the charge, to be heated, so that the arc current flows through the charge and there is a direct contact between the arc and the charge.In case of direct electric arc furnace, the heating process is faster and the heating efficiency is also high. In addition to the arc heating, some additional heat is produced by the passes of ...
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