Found 132 Articles for Utilization of Electrical Energy

Welding is the process of joining two metals placed together by heating them to melting point. In electric welding, the heat required for welding process is obtained by the use of electrical energy.Factors Considered While Selecting a Welding System for a Particular JobThere are different materials or metals to be welded and different types of welds are required. Therefore, depending upon the metal, its dimensions, and requirements, different welding systems are selected.The following factors are to be considered while evaluating an appropriate welding system to complete a specific job −Types of material (or metal) being weldedThickness of the material.The welding ... Read More

There are various types of electric lamps available in the market. The selection of a lamp depends upon the illumination area.Selection Criteria of Different Electric LampsThe following table highlights the points that you should consider while selecting a lamp depending upon the area to be illuminated.Illumination AreaSuitable Lamp / LampsGeneral house illuminationIncandescent lampsFluorescent lampsCFL (Compact fluorescent lamps)LED (Light Emitting Diode Lamps)Street lightingFluorescent tube lampsSodium vapor lampsMercury vapor lampsLEDsOutdoor lighting of a buildingHalogen lampsLEDsIndustrial lightingHigh pressure mercury vapor lampsMercury iodide lampsCommercial places (like shopping malls)High pressure mercury vapor lampsGreen lightingFluorescent tube lampsLEDsLarge gardensMercury vapor lampsHalogen lampsSodium vapor lampsDecoration of buildingsNeon tube ... Read More

A miniature gas discharge lamp in which the electrical discharge takes place through a mixture of gases containing a large proportion of neon gas is known as neon lamp.The working principle of the neon lamp is as follows −“Electrons are emitted from cathode by subjecting the surface of the cathode to very high electric voltage so that the electrons are forcibly ejected from the orbits of the atoms against the nuclear centripetal forces.”Construction of Neon LampThe construction of a typical neon lamp is shown in the figure.The neon lamp has two closely spaced electrodes, but not touching each other, in ... Read More

Types of Railway Services (Classification of Traction Services)Railways offer the following three types of the passenger traction services viz −City or Urban ServiceSuburban ServiceMain Line ServiceCity or Urban Railway ServiceIn the city or urban railway service, there are frequent stops, the distance between these stops being nearly 1 km or less. Therefore, in order to obtain moderately high schedule speed between the stations, it is essential to have high acceleration and retardation.Suburban Railway ServiceIn case suburban railway service, the average distance between the stops ranges from 3 km to 5 km. The suburban railway services require rapid acceleration and retardation ... Read More

Individual Electric DriveIn an electric drive system, if an individual machine is fitted with its own motor and each operator has complete control on their machine, then it is termed as an individual electric drive.Examples − Drill machine, lath machine, etc.Group Drive SystemA group drive system uses a high powered motor to drive a common shaft. When several machines are organized on a single shaft and are driven by a single large motor, this system is known as group drive. Group drive is also known as line shaft drive because a large sized motor (called main motor) drives a common ... Read More

The electric motors that generate power to rotate the wheels of the train are known as traction motors. The turning force produced by the traction motor is transmitted to the wheels of the train through the driving gear unit and axle. Traction motors should have high efficiency.Desirable Characteristics of Traction MotorsThe desirable characteristics and features of the electric motors used for traction purpose are described below.Suitable Speed-Torque CharacteristicsThe traction motor should have suitable speed-torque characteristics. In a traction system, the torque required at start is very high, while during the constant speed, the torque requirement is not high because kinetic ... Read More

An electric lamp is a device that can generate artificial light by consuming electric energy. There are different types of lamps available in the market, which include −Incandescent LampFluorescent LampCompact Fluorescent LampSodium Vapor LampMercury Vapor LampHalogen LampMetal Halide LampNeon LampLED LampLASER LampIn this article, we will compare and contrast the various features of these lamps.Incandescent Lamp vs. Fluorescent Lamp vs. CFLThe following table compares the features of incandescent lamp, fluorescent lamp, and CFL.Basis of ComparisonIncandescent LampFluorescent LampCFLPrinciple of operationHeating effect of electric currentGas discharge (or ionization of gas by electric current)Gas dischargeColor of light emittedYellowWhiteWhiteProduction of heat during operationMoreLessModerateCostLessMoreMoreNeed of ... Read More

With the modern traction equipment, fast trains can easily achieve the desired acceleration. However, if the stopping system or braking system of the trains fail, it will cause a great disaster. Therefore, braking system of trains is very important. In this article, let's understand how mechanical breaking differs from electric breaking and which one is more efficient.Mechanical BrakingMechanical brakes are applied by brake shoes which are pressed with force against the wheel of the train. In mechanical braking, the braking force is generally produced by means of piston-cylinder arrangement. The movement of the piston is transmitted to the brake shoes ... Read More

Internal Combustion Engine VehicleVehicles with an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) use fuel which combusts inside a combustion chamber with the help of an oxidizer (generally oxygen from air).Electric VehicleA type of vehicle that uses one or more electric motor for propulsion is known as electric vehicle (EV). In simple words, we can say the electric vehicles are the automobiles that are propelled by one or more electric motors using the energies stored in batteries.Comparison between IC Engine Vehicle and Electric VehicleThe following table highlights the points that differentiate an IC Engine Vehicle from an Electric Vehicle −Point of ComparisonInternal Combustion ... Read More

DC Traction SystemA traction system in which DC series motors are used for running the electric trains is known as DC traction system. The DC power to be fed to DC series motor is obtained from substations which are located at a distance of 3 to 5 km for urban and suburban heavy traffic and 15 to 30 km for main line service.AC Traction SystemA traction system in which AC motors (1-phase or 3-phase induction motors) are used for running the electric trains is known as AC traction system.In AC traction system, a high voltage is fed to the overhead ... Read More