Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
Utilisation of Electrical Power Articles
Page 6 of 12
Negative Booster in Electric Traction
A negative booster is a separately excited DC generator whose armature is connected with negative bus-bar at the far end of the track through negative feeder. The connection diagram of the negative booster is shown in the figure below.As in case of DC traction system, the return current flows through the rails to the substations. Because of this current flow through the rails, some voltage drop exists along the track. Due to potential difference along the track, some of the return currents leak out to the earth and follow the path of low resistance provided by water pipes, gas pipes, ...
Read MoreFactors Affecting the Schedule Speed of an Electric Train
Schedule Speed of an Electric TrainThe schedule speed of an electric train is defined as the ratio of the distance covered between two stops to the actual time of the run including the time for stop. The schedule speed is denoted by VS and is given by, $$\mathrm{\mathrm{Schedule\: speed}, \mathit{V_{\mathit{S}}}\:=\:\frac{\mathrm{Distance \:between\: two\: stops(\mathit{D})}}{Actual\: run\: time(\mathit{T_{\mathrm{run}}})\:+\:Time \:for\: stop(\mathit{T_{\mathrm{stop}}})}\:\:\:\cdot \cdot \cdot \mathrm{\left ( \mathrm{1} \right )}}$$$$\mathrm{\therefore \mathrm{Schedule\: speed}, \mathit{V_{\mathit{S}}}\:=\:\frac{\mathrm{Distance \:between\: two\: stops(\mathit{D})}}{Schedule\: time (\mathit{T_{S}})}\:\:\:\cdot \cdot \cdot \mathrm{\left ( \mathrm{2} \right )}}$$Where, TS is the schedule time in hours.Factors Affecting the Schedule SpeedThe factors that affect the schedule speed of an electric train ...
Read MoreTypes of Motor Enclosures and Their Applications
The part of an electric motor that protects the motor from the contaminants in the environment in which it is operating and persons being from touch is called the motor enclosure.The motor enclosures are necessary for the following reasons −It protects the motor against foreign body and severe conditions.It protects the inner parts of the motor.It protects the operating personal from live parts of the motor such as winding terminals, slip rings, brushes, etc.Types of Motor EnclosuresIndian Standards (IS) 4691 have described codes for different types of enclosures. The most common types of electric motor enclosures are given as follows ...
Read MoreTypes of Electric Motors Used in Industrial Electric Drives
Electric motor drives are the basic assemblies used for the transformation of electrical power into mechanical energy. In simple words, the term "electric motor drive" is used to denote drives driven by electric motors.Types of Motors Used for Electric DrivesFollowing are the different types of motors used for industrial electric drives −DC series motorDC shunt motorCumulative compound DC motorSlip ring induction motorSquirrel cage induction motorDouble squirrel cage induction motorThree phase synchronous motorSingle-phase synchronous motorSingle-phase AC series motorRepulsion motorCapacitor-start induction-run motorCapacitor-start capacitor-run motorNow let's check in detail the applications of each of these motors.DC Shunt MotorDC shunt motor has medium starting ...
Read MoreHow do AC locomotives work?
Block Diagram of an AC LocomotiveThe following figure shows the block diagram of an AC locomotive.AC Locomotive - Function of Each PartThe working and function of each part of an AC locomotive is described below −The AC power at 25 kV is taken from the overhead conductor wire (called as catenary) through a pantograph and this high voltage supply is fed to a step–down transformer (provided with on load tap changer) installed in the locomotive itself, which converts the high voltage AC supply to low voltage AC supply.This low voltage AC supply obtained from the transformer is then converted into ...
Read MoreWhat is Photovoltaic or Solar Cell? – Construction, Working and Advantages
An electrical device which converts light energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect is known as photovoltaic cell or PV cell or solar cell. A photovoltaic cell is basically a specially designed p-n junction diode.Construction and Working of Photovoltaic CellThe construction of a photovoltaic cell is shown in the following figure.A photovoltaic cell consists of a base metal plate and it is made of either steel or aluminum over which a metallic selenium layer is situated which is light sensitive and acts as the positive terminal.An electrically conducting layer of cadmium oxide is applied by sputtering over the selenium ...
Read MoreWhat is LED Lamp? – Construction, Working, Advantages & Applications
LED LampAn optoelectronic device which emits light based on the principle of electroluminescence is known as LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamp.Electroluminescence is the emission of light due to the interaction of an electric field with a suitable solid. It was noticed in 1962 that a forward biased gallium-arsenide junction was found to be an efficient emitter of radiation.In case of electroluminescent p-n junctions, when biased in the forward direction, some of the energy dissipated is converted into light and hence, these are also called as semi-conductor lamps.Construction of LED LampFor the construction of LED lamps, following semiconductor materials are used ...
Read MoreWhat is Electropolishing? – Process, Advantages and Applications
An electrochemical process that removes material from a metallic workpiece is known as electropolishing. It is also known as electrochemical polishing or electrolytic polishing.Electro-polishing uses a combination of rectified current and a blended chemical electrolyte bath to remove flaws from the surface of a metal part. Electropolishing is often described as the reverse of electro-plating.Process of ElectropolishingThe schematic arrangement for the electropolishing is shown in the figure.In electro-polishing, the metallic workpiece is immersed in a temperature controlled bath of electrolyte and serves as the anode as it is connected to the positive terminal of a DC power supply.The negative terminal ...
Read MoreWhat is Electrodeposition? (Factors Affecting the Quality of Electrodeposition)
What is Electrodeposition?An electrolytic process by which one metal is deposited over other metal or non-metal is known as electrodeposition.Electrodeposition is widely used for decorative, protective and functional purposes. The process of electrodeposition includes −Electroplating − It is the process of deposition of metal over any metallic or non-metallic surfaces for protecting the metals from corrosion.Electro metallization − It is a process by which a metal can be deposited on a conducting base for decorative or protective purposes.Electro typing − It is a process used to reproduce printing, set up typing and medals, etc.Electro forming − It is a process ...
Read MoreWhat is Electric Traction? – Definition, Advantages and Disadvantages
Electric TractionThe action of pulling something over a surface (especially a road or a track) is known as traction. The action of drawing of vehicles by electric power derived from overhead wires, third rail, storage batteries or diesel generators mounted on the vehicles is known as electric traction. In simple words, the traction system which uses electric power for its operation is known as electric traction.The electric traction system is widely used in electric trains, tramcars, trolley buses and hybrid vehicles, etc.Advantages of Electric TractionThe major advantages of electric traction system over other types of traction (such as steam traction) ...
Read More