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Software & Coding Articles
Page 37 of 83
How to use PROGMEM in Arduino to store large immutable data?
PROGMEM is the keyword you use when you wish to store data in the program memory (flash) instead of the SRAM. While you can use PROGMEM for a single variable, it won't make much sense to do so. After all, the SRAM would have more than enough space to accommodate your single variable, and it will be faster to access the variable stored in SRAM.PROGMEM is primarily used for large chunks of data (an array mostly), which can overwhelm the SRAM (which is generally much smaller in size than the flash memory, but faster to access). The implication of storing ...
Read MoreAVR libraries in Arduino – Introduction
AVR libraries are developed by Atmel. You might be knowing that the microcontrollers used in most Arduino boards are Atmel microcontrollers (ATmega328P, ATmega2560, etc.). AVR libraries for several specific operations (sleep, time, etc.) already exist, and therefore, we may greatly benefit if we are able to import AVR libraries within Arduino. The good news is that we can!As per Arduino's website, "AVR libraries have the potential to greatly extend the Arduino language. The Arduino system is based on the avr-gcc compiler and makes use of the standard AVR libc libraries, which are open-source C libraries, specifically written for Atmel hardware, ...
Read MoreWatchdog timer in Arduino
A watchdog timer is an essential part of any microcontroller. It resets the program if the program gets stuck anywhere. Very briefly, this is how the watchdog timer works −The timer keeps incrementing.The program has to ensure that it keeps resetting the timer, i.e. does not allow it to overflow.If the timer overflows, it means that the program was stuck somewhere and therefore was unable to reset the timer. An interrupt is generated on timer overflow which resets the microcontroller.To implement watchdog timer in Arduino, we use the avr wdt library.The code is given below −#include void setup() { ...
Read MoreHow to get the file extension using PowerShell?
We can retrieve the file extension using multiple ways. First, using the [System.IO.Path] class.PS C:\> [System.IO.Path]::GetExtension("C:\temp\25Aug2020.txt") .txt PS C:\> [System.IO.Path]::GetExtension("C:\temp\azcopy.zip") .zipThis is the easiest way to get the file extension. Otherways, Using programmatically, PS C:\> ((Split-Path "C:\Temp\azcopy.zip" -Leaf).Split('.'))[1] zip PS C:\> ((Split-Path "C:\Temp\25Aug2020.txt" -Leaf).Split('.'))[1] txtUsing Get-ChildItem, PS C:\> (Get-ChildItem C:\Temp\azcopy.zip).Extension .zip PS C:\> (Get-ChildItem C:\Temp\25Aug2020.txt).Extension .txtUsing Get-Item, PS C:\> (Get-Item C:\Temp\azcopy.zip).Extension .zip
Read MoreHow to set the local user account settings using PowerShell?
To set the local user account settings related to the account or the password expiration, we can use the Set-LocalUser command.The below command will change the local user Testuser account and password set to never expire.Set-LocalUser -Name Testuser -AccountNeverExpires -PasswordNeverExpires $true -VerboseThe below command will set the account expiry,Set-LocalUser -Name Testuser -AccountExpires 05/11/2022 -VerboseTo run the above commands on the remote computers, use the Invoke-Command.Invoke-Command -ComputerName Computer1, computer2 -ScriptBlock{ Set-LocalUser -Name Testuser -AccountNeverExpires -PasswordNeverExpires $true -Verbose } Invoke-Command -ComputerName Computer1, computer2 -ScriptBlock{ Set-LocalUser -Name Testuser -AccountExpires 05/11/2022 -Verbose }
Read MoreHow to validate the path with the PowerShell function parameter?
To validate the file or folder path inside the PowerShell function parameter, we need to use the ValidateScript command. Generally, we write the script as below to validate the path.function Validate-Path{ param( [parameter(Mandatory)] [String]$Path ) if(Test-Path $Path) {Write-Output "Path is valid"} else{Write-Output "Path is invalid"} }OutputPS C:\> Validate-Path -Path C:\Temp Path is validWe can add similar functionality inside the function parameter with the validatescript argument so the script will throw the error initially at the parameters check. See below, function Validate-Path{ param( [parameter(Mandatory)] ...
Read MoreHow to copy files of the specific extension using PowerShell?
To copy the files using the specific files extension using PowerShell, we can use the Copy-Item command.The below command will copy only the .ps1 files from the source to the destination.For example, PS C:\> Copy-Item -Path C:\Temp -Recurse -Filter *.ps1 -Destination C:\Temp1\ -VerboseIf the C:\Temp1 doesn't exist, it will create the destination folder and then copy the content of the file but the problem with this command is it copies the subfolders as well which doesn’t have the .ps1 file.So to copy the with the same folder structure without empty directories and the specific file extension we can write the ...
Read MoreHow to get the disabled local user accounts using PowerShell?
To get the disabled local user accounts using PowerShell on the local and the remote system, we can use the WMI or the CIM instance method with the Win32_UserAccount class and the Disabled property to filter the result.PS C:\> gwmi win32_useraccount | where{$_.Disabled -eq $true}You can filter out the properties using the specific properties use the Select-Object pipeline command.PS C:\> gwmi win32_useraccount | where{$_.Disabled -eq $true} | Select Name, FullName, CaptionYou can also use the CIM instance method alternatively, PS C:\> Get-CimInstance win32_useraccount | where{$_.Disabled -eq $true}To get the disabled accounts on the remote systems, use the -ComputerName parameter in ...
Read MoreHow to create a new local user in windows using PowerShell?
To create a new local user in the Windows operating system using PowerShell, we can use the New-LocalUser cmdlet. The below command will create the TestUser with no password.New-LocalUser -Name TestUser -NoPasswordOutputName Enabled Description ---- ------- ----------- TestUser TrueTestUser account has been enabled here. To provide the password for the user, the password should be in the secure string format. We can pass the password as shown below.$pass = "Admin@123" | ConvertTo-SecureString -AsPlainText -Force New-LocalUser -Name TestUser -Password $passThe above commands will create the TestUser with the password. To add the password and account-related settings we can directly provide parameters ...
Read MoreHow to retrieve the Azure VM RAM and CPU size using PowerShell?
Azure VM RAM and CPU size depend on the hardware profile chosen for the VM. In this example, we will retrieve VM (TestMachine2k16) hardware profile and then we can find how much RAM or CPU is allocated to it.To get the Size of the Azure VM, PS C:\> $azvm = Get-AzVM -VMName 'TestMachine2k16' PS C:\> $azvm.HardwareProfile.VmSizeOutputStandard_DS2_v2You can check the above size on the Microsoft Azure website to know how much RAM and CPU are associated with it and another way using the PowerShell by using the Get-AZVmSize command.PS C:\> $vmsize = $azvm.HardwareProfile.VmSize PS C:\> Get-AzVMSize -VMName $azvm.Name -ResourceGroupName $azvm.ResourceGroupName | ...
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