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Page 2103 of 2108
Pseudo-terminal Utilities in Python
The Pseudo-terminal utility module pty is defined to handle pseudo-terminal concepts. Using this we can start another process, and also can read or write from controlling terminal using programs. This module is highly platform oriented. We should use UNIX systems to perform these operations. To use the pty module, we should import it using − import pty There are some modules of the pty module, these are − Method pty.fork() This method is used to connect the child controlling terminal to pseudo-terminal. This method returns the pid and the fd. The child process gets the pid 0, but ...
Read MoreAccess to the Shadow Password Database in Python
To access the UNIX shadow password database, we should use the spwd module. We need enough privileges to access this file. The shadow password database entries are like tuple like object. To use the spwd module, we should import it using − import spwd The attributes of the shadow password database are − Index Attribute & Description 0 sp_nam The Login Name or the username of the user 1 sp_pwd The Encrypted password 2 sp_lstchg Date of last change 3 sp_min Minimal number of days ...
Read MorePython Completion function for GNU readline
Unix readline module has tab completion mechanism. To get these features, we have to use rlcompleter module. It can be used in python’s interactive mode. To use this module, we should import it using − import rlcompleter There is a class called Completer class − Method Completer.complete(text, state) This method is used to return the tab completion output. If there is a ‘.’ in the text, then it will try to get all related members of that command. When there is no dot ‘.’ it will just complete the text. Example Code import rlcompleter import sys ...
Read MorePython Alternate repr() implementation
In Python, if we want to limit the large amount of data from displaying, we can use the reprlib module. To use this module, we should import it using. import reprlib There are different classes and methods related to reprlib. These are − Class reprlib.Repr The Repr class provides formatting services. It creates functions like built-in repr(). In this class we can add size limits and different object types. Method reprlib.repr(object) This method is used to return string like built-in repr() method, But in this case there is a limits on most sizes. Repr Objects The Repr object ...
Read MoreTerminal Control Functions in Python
To change the terminal controls in the Unix system, we can use the tty related methods in Python. Using the tty module, we can set two different modes of the terminal. The raw Mode and the cbreak mode. To use the tty module, we should import it using − import tty There are some modules of the tty module, these are − Method tty.setraw(fd, when = termios.TCSAFLUSH) This method is used to change the terminal mode to raw mode. In the raw mode, the cursor moves to new line but the carriage return operation is not performed. Also ...
Read MorePython Function to Check UNIX Passwords
To verify UNIX password, we should use the crypt module. It has crypt(3) routine. It is basically one-way hash function based on the modified DES algorithm. To use the crypt module, we should import it using. import crypt Method crypt.crypt(word, salt) This method takes two arguments. The first one is the word and second one is salt. The word is basically the user password, which is given in the prompt. The salt is a random string. It is used to perturb the DES Algorithm in one of 4096 ways. The salt contains only Upper-case, Lower-case, Numeric values ...
Read MorePython Program to crawl a web page and get most frequent words
Our task is to crawl a web page and count the frequency of the word. And ultimately retrieving most frequent words. First we are using request and beautiful soup module and with the help of these module creating web-crawler and extract data from web page and store in a list. Example code import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import operator from collections import Counter def my_start(url): my_wordlist = [] my_source_code = requests.get(url).text my_soup = BeautifulSoup(my_source_code, 'html.parser') for each_text in my_soup.findAll('div', {'class':'entry-content'}): ...
Read MoreColor game using Tkinter in Python
For developing GUI applications tkinter is very popular and easy. Using tkinter easily develop GUI games. Here also we are trying to develop color game. In this game the player has to enter color of the word that appears on the screen and hence the score increases by one, the total time to play this game is 30 seconds and colors used in this game are Red, Blue, Green, Pink, Black, Yellow, Orange, White, Purple and Brown. The interface will display name of different colors in different colors. User has to identify the color and enter the correct color name ...
Read MorePython program to create a sorted merged list of two unsorted list
Here two user input list is given, the elements of two lists are unsorted. Our task is to merged these two unsorted array and after that sort the list. Example Input: A [] = {100, 50, 150} B [] = {200, 30, 20} Output: Merge List:{20, 30, 50, 100, 150, 200} Algorithm Step 1: first we create two user input list. Step 2: Final merge list size is (size of the first list + the size of the second list). Step 3: then sort two list using sort() method. Step ...
Read MorePython program to count unset bits in a range.
Given a positive a number and the range of the bits. Our task is to count unset bits in a range. Input : n = 50, starting address = 2, ending address = 5 Output : 2 There are '2' unset bits in the range 2 to 5. Algorithm Step 1 : convert n into its binary using bin(). Step 2 : remove first two characters. Step 3 : reverse string. Step 4 : count all unset bit '0' starting from index l-1 to r, where r is exclusive. Example Code # ...
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