Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Server Side Programming Articles
Page 1975 of 2109
How to create bar plot in base R with different limits for Y-axis?
To create a bar plot in base R with different limits for Y-axis, we can use ylim argument but generally that behaves badly, such as extending the bars below X-axis. Therefore, we need to fix those things. Check out the below example to understand how it can be done.Example> x barplot(x)OutputExample> barplot(x,ylim=c(300,600))OutputExample> barplot(x,ylim=c(300,600),xpd=FALSE)OutputExample> box(bty="l") Output
Read MoreHow to extract the row for groupwise maximum in another column of an R data.table object?
To extract the row for groupwise maximum in another column of an R data.table object, can make use of which.max function by defining the grouping column. It means that if we have a categorical/grouping column and a numerical column then we groupwise maximum will be the maximum for each grouping level in the numerical column and we can extract the row based on these two columns. Check out the examples to understand how it works.Example1Loading data.table package and creating a data.table object −> library(data.table) > x1 x2 x3 DT1 DT1Output x1 x2 x31: B 3 2 2: C 6 0 ...
Read MoreHow to display raise to the power on X-axis in base R plot?
To display anything different than the vector or column names on the axes, we need to use xlab for X-axis and ylab for Y-axis. Therefore, if we want to display raise to the power on X-axis then xlab argument will be along with the plot function. For example, if we have a vector called x and we want to create a point chart for x -square with X-axis showing x^2 then it can be done as plot(x^2,xlab="x^2").Example> x y plot(x,y)OutputExample> plot(x/1000,y,xlab="x/10^3")Output
Read MoreHow to remove rows in a data.table object with NA's in R?
If a row contains missing values then their sum will not finite, therefore, we can use is.finite function with the data.table object to remove the rows with NA’s. For example, if we have a data.table object called DT that contains some rows with NA’s then the removal of those rows can be done by using DT[is.finite(rowSums(DT))].Example1Loading data.table package and creating a data.table object −> library(data.table) > x1 x2 DT1 DT1Output x1 x2 1: 1 2 2: NA 4 3: 1 2 4: NA 5 5: 1 6 6: 1 8 7: NA 3 8: 1 ...
Read MoreHow to create a histogram with dots instead of bars in base R?
To create a histogram with dots instead of bars, we can use the plot function in base R. The x values will be based on the sorting of the vector values and the y values will be based on the sequence of the table for the vector values. Therefore, we would be needing sorting and table with sequence. Check out the below examples to understand how it can be done.Example1> x1 plot(sort(x1),sequence(table(x1)))OutputExample2> x2 plot(sort(x2),sequence(table(x2)))Output
Read MoreHow to highlight a bar in base R histogram?
To highlight a bar in base R histogram, we need to understand the X-axis values and pass the col argument inside hist function appropriately. We just need to put a separate value for the bar that we want to highlight and set the colouring of the rest of the bars to 0 (that is default in base R). Check out the below examples to understand how it works.Example1> x hist(x,col = c(rep(0,5),4,rep(0,5)))OutputExample2> y hist(y,col = c(rep(0,3),4,rep(0,9)))Output
Read MoreHow to display upper and lower quartiles through different line in a boxplot in R?
To display the upper and lower quartiles through different line in base R boxplot, we can use abline function but we need to find the quartiles inside abline using quantile for the respective quartiles. The lines created by using abline and quantiles and the boxplot function may not coincide because of the differences in calculation. The calculation method for boxplot is explained below −The two ‘hinges’ are versions of the first and third quartile. The hinges equal the quartiles for odd n (where n x boxplot(x)OutputExample> abline(h=quantile(x,c(0.25,0.75)),col="blue")Output
Read MoreHow can TensorFlow be used with keras.Model to track the variables defined using sequential model?
Tensorflow can be used to create a model that tracks internal layers by creating a sequential model and using this model to call ‘tf.zeros’ method.Read More: What is TensorFlow and how Keras work with TensorFlow to create Neural Networks?A neural network that contains at least one layer is known as a convolutional layer. We can use the Convolutional Neural Network to build learning model. The intuition behind transfer learning for image classification is, if a model is trained on a large and general dataset, this model can be used to effectively serve as a generic model for the visual world. It ...
Read MoreHow can Tensorflow be used to implement custom layers?
Tensorflow can be used to implement custom layers by creating a class and defining a function to build the layers, and defining another function to call the matrix multiplication by passing the input to it.Read More: What is TensorFlow and how Keras work with TensorFlow to create Neural Networks?A neural network that contains at least one layer is known as a convolutional layer. We can use the Convolutional Neural Network to build learning model. The intuition behind transfer learning for image classification is, if a model is trained on a large and general dataset, this model can be used to effectively ...
Read MoreHow can Tensorflow be used to get the variables in a layer?
Tensorflow can be used to get the variables in a layer by displaying the variables in the layer using ‘layer.Variables’, and then using ‘layer.kernel’, and ‘layer.bias’ to access these variables.Read More: What is TensorFlow and how Keras work with TensorFlow to create Neural Networks?A neural network that contains at least one layer is known as a convolutional layer. We can use the Convolutional Neural Network to build learning model. The intuition behind transfer learning for image classification is, if a model is trained on a large and general dataset, this model can be used to effectively serve as a generic model ...
Read More