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Programming Articles
Page 2506 of 2547
Is there a performance difference between i++ and ++i in C++ program?
The effective result of i++ and ++i are same. The only difference is that the i++ increases the value of i after assigning it, and for ++i, it increases the value first, then assigns its value. We can see the difference in the following code.Example Code#include using namespace std; int main() { int x = 3, y, z; y = x++; z = ++x; cout
Read MoreWhy is iostream::eof inside a loop condition considered wrong?
The iostream::eof in a loop is considered as wrong because we haven’t reached the EOF. So it does not mean that the next read will succeed.When we want to read a file using file streams in C++. And when we use a loop to write in a file, if we check the end of file using stream.eof(), we are actually checking whether the file has reached end or not.Example Code#include #include using namespace std; int main() { ifstream myFile("myfile.txt"); string x; while(!myFile.eof()) { myFile >> ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Hash Tables
A hash table is a data structure which is used to store key-value pairs. Hash function is used by hash table to compute an index into an array in which an element will be inserted or searched.This is a C++ program to Implement Hash Tables.AlgorithmBegin Initialize the table size T_S to some integer value. Create a structure hashTableEntry to declare key k and value v. Create a class hashMapTable: Create a constructor hashMapTable to create the table. Create a hashFunc() function which return key mod T_S. Create a function Insert() to insert element at ...
Read MoreHow to Parse Command Line Arguments in C++?
It is possible to pass some values from the command line to your C++ programs when they are executed. These values are called command line arguments and many times they are important for your program especially when you want to control your program from outside instead of hard-coding those values inside the code.The command line arguments are handled using main() function arguments where argc refers to the number of arguments passed, and argv[] is a pointer array which points to each argument passed to the program. Following is a simple example which checks if there is any argument supplied from ...
Read MoreC++ Program to Implement Hash Tables Chaining with Doubly Linked Lists
A hash table is a data structure which is used to store key-value pairs. Hash function is used by hash table to compute an index into an array in which an element will be inserted or searched.This is a C++ program to Implement Hash Tables chaining with doubly linked lists.AlgorithmFor insert:Begin Declare Function insert(int k, int v) int hash_v= HashFunc(k) HashTableEntry *en = ht[hash_v] if (en == NULL) en = new HashTableEntry en->d = v en->k = k ...
Read MoreWhat are copy elision and return value optimization in C++?
The Copy Elision is also known as the Copy Omission. This is one of the compiler optimization technique. It avoids the unnecessary copying of objects. Almost any current compiler uses this Copy Elision technique.Let us see how it works by the help of one example code.Example Code#include using namespace std; class MyClass { public: MyClass(const char* str = "\0") { //default constructor cout
Read MoreWhy does the order in which libraries are linked sometimes cause errors in GCC?
Basically this kind of errors are originated from the linker in the compilation phase. The default behavior of a linker is to take the code from archive libraries when the current program needs it.To work properly the libraries must be present in order. We can say that it must be there in the form “caller before callees”. This problem can be solved by choosing non-default behavior using flags, but in this process the linking may take larger time. Otherwise it can be solved by ordering the libraries correctly. Loaders and tsort these two can help to rearrange and correct the ...
Read MoreWhat is the difference between #include and #include "filename"?
The difference between the two forms is in the location where the preprocessor searches for the file to be included.#include The preprocessor searches in an implementation-dependent manner, it searches directories pre-designated by the compiler. This method is usually used to include standard library header files.#include "filename"The preprocessor searches in the same directory as the file containing the directive. If this fails, then it starts behaving like the #include form. This method is usually used to include your own header files.
Read MoreGlobal memory management in C++ : Stack or Heap?
Stack and heap are used to store variables during the execution of the program and it also get destroyed.Global data structures or global variables are not consumed by stack or heap. They basically allocated in a fixed memory block, which remains unchanged.int a[10]; // located in a fixed memory block int main() { int main() { float *ptr = (int *)malloc(sizeof(float)10.0)); //use heap. } }
Read MoreHow do conversion operators work in C++?
In this article, we will see what is the conversion operator in C++. C++ supports object-oriented design. So we can create classes of some real-world objects as concrete types.Sometimes we need to convert some concrete type objects to some other type objects or some primitive datatypes. To make this conversion we can use conversion operator. This is created like operator overloading function in class.In this example, we are taking a class for complex numbers. It has two arguments real and imaginary. When we assign the object of this class into some double type data, it will convert into its magnitude ...
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