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Programming Articles
Page 1818 of 2547
Queries to find the Lower Bound of K from Prefix Sum Array with updates using Fenwick Tree
A foremost series summation array is an assemblage that accumulates the sum of interlacing elements up to an express index. It is a widely utilized tactic in the reconfiguration of assemblages to refine time complexity. Fenwick Tree, also recognized as Binary Indexed Tree (BIT), is a form of database that proficiently modernizes components and computes a preceding series summation in logarithmic time complexity. Within this article, we shall confer on how to disclose the lesser extreme boundary of a given value, referred to as K, from a series summation array with modernizations utilizing Fenwick Tree in C++. Syntax The ...
Read MoreQueries to check if vertices X and Y are in the same Connected Component of an Undirected Graph
Graph theory encompasses the study of connected components, which are subgraphs in an undirected graph where every pair of vertices is linked by a path, and no other vertices are connected to it. In this article, we will delve into the utilization of the C/C++ programming language to determine if two vertices, X and Y, belong to the same connected component in an undirected graph. We will elucidate the syntax and rationale of the method before elucidating at least two diverse approaches to tackle this problem. Furthermore, we will provide concrete code examples and their corresponding outcomes for each ...
Read MoreQueries to find the count of connected Non-Empty Cells in a Matrix with update
A matrix can be thought of as a collection of cells organized in rows and columns. Each cell can contain a value, which can be either empty or non-empty. In computer programming, matrices are commonly used to represent data in a two-dimensional grid. In this article, we will discuss how to efficiently count the number of connected non-empty cells in a matrix, taking into account possible updates to the matrix. We will explore different approaches to solve this problem and provide real code examples to demonstrate the implementation. Syntax The basic syntax for querying the count of connected non-empty cells ...
Read MoreImplementing of strtok() function in C++
The strtok() function is one of the most utilised functions in C++. Using a delimiter as a guide, this function can divide a text into smaller chunks or tokens. It is simple to work with strings in C++ thanks to the strtok() function. The strtok() function will be thoroughly examined in this article, along with its definition, syntax, algorithm, and various implementation strategies. It is crucial to remember that the strtok function has several restrictions and potential downsides. It cannot be used on const or read-only strings, for instance, because it changes the original string in place. Edge situations and ...
Read MoreMinimum removals to make a string concatenation of a substring of 0s followed by a substring of 1s
The problem "Minimum removals to make a string concatenation of a substring of 0s" deals with the job of manipulating strings. A string of 0s and 1s is provided as input, and the result is an integer that reflects the minimal number of 0s that must be eliminated in order to produce a substring of consecutive 0s. In other words, the problem might be rephrased as follows: Given a string of 0s and 1s, how many 0s must be eliminated in order for the remainder of the string to include a substring of consecutive 0s. Algorithm Step 1: ...
Read MoreHeap and Stack Memory Errors in Java
In Java, every interface, class, object, variable and method of a running program is stored in distinct reasons of computer memory. The heap is the part of memory area where values of variables, methods and classes are stored at runtime. Its allocation happens dynamically and can grow or shrink depending on the application's needs. On the other hand, the reference variables, names of methods and classes are stored in the stack memory area. However, if for some reason their allocation is not handled properly then, it may lead to memory errors that we are going to discuss in this article. ...
Read MoreHow does Java process the backspace terminal control character?
The backspace terminal control character is a special character represented by the ‘\b’notation. It is used to move the cursor one character back. It comes under Java escape characters, these characters are used with backslash (\) and hold a special meaning to the compiler. In this article, we will understand and see the practical implementation of‘\b’ notation through Java example programs. Working of Backspace Terminal Control Character Two types of situations may arise while working with this escape character. First, when we hard code the backspace character into a String and the second, when we take input using a keyboard. ...
Read MoreDifferent Ways to Copy Files in Java
Java provides different ways to copy files including the ‘File’, ‘FileInputStream’ and‘FileOutputStream’ classes. There are times when we need to take a backup, compress a file or share it with others. In these situations, copying that file becomes necessary. Weare going to explore the methods and classes that will help us to copy the content of one file to another file through Java programs. Before jumping to the example program directly, let’s discuss some classes and built-in methods that we will be using. This will build a foundation for understanding the code. Note that these classes and methods are associated ...
Read MoreHow are parameters passed in Java?
The most frequent query asked by beginner programmers is that how are parameters passed in Java. Generally, the programming languages use pass by value and pass byreference for passing parameters to a method. However, Java does not support both approaches rather it uses pass by value to pass both primitive and reference type values. In this article, we are going to understand passing parameters by value through exampleprograms. Passing Parameters to a Method in Java Let’s start this discussion by understanding the storage mechanism of Java. The referencevariables, names of methods and classes are stored in stack and their values ...
Read MoreHow to Add Custom Class Objects to the TreeSet in Java?
TreeSet is a class of Java Collection Framework that implements the SortedSet Interface. Remember that it stores elements in ascending order and does not allow duplicate values. We need to stick with this condition while adding custom class objects to the TreeSet otherwise we will encounter a ClassCastException. Here, custom class objects mean userdefined objects that are created with the help of a constructor. Program to add Custom Class Objects to the TreeSet Earlier in the previous section, we discussed that if we failed to follow the condition of TreeSet, we will get a ClassCastException. To avoid this, we need ...
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