Article Categories
- All Categories
-
Data Structure
-
Networking
-
RDBMS
-
Operating System
-
Java
-
MS Excel
-
iOS
-
HTML
-
CSS
-
Android
-
Python
-
C Programming
-
C++
-
C#
-
MongoDB
-
MySQL
-
Javascript
-
PHP
-
Economics & Finance
Finance Management Articles
Page 86 of 96
How to compare different financial plans?
Plan APlan BCommon stockRs. 2000000Rs.500000Preferred stockRs.150000Rs.90000Long term debtRs.250000Rs.8000000Using EBIT-EPS approach, calculate EBIT.SolutionThe solution is given below − (EBIT – In(a)) (1-T) – Pd(a) / OSa = (EBIT – In(b)) (1-T) – Pd(b)) / OSbL.H.S.EBIT = Earnings before interest and tax,In(a) = 250000 * 9% = 22500T = 28%Pd(a) = 150000 * 12% = 18000OSa = 2000000/10 = 200000R.H.S.EBIT = Earnings before interest and tax,In(b) = 8000000 * 9% = 720000T = 28%Pd(b) = 90000 * 12% = 10800OSb = 500000/10 = 50000 (EBIT – In(a)) (1-T) – Pd(a) / OSa = (EBIT – In(b)) (1-T) – Pd(b)) / OSb (EBIT – 22500)(1-0.28) – 18000 / 200000 = (EBIT – 720000) (1-0.28) – 10800 /50000 (EBIT – 22500)*0.72 -18000 = 4{(EBIT -720000)*0.72 – 10800} 0.72EBIT – 34200 = 2.88EBIT – 518400 2.16EBIT = 484200 EBIT = 224166.67/-
Read MoreExplain Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) – Earnings per share (EPS) approach in capital structure.
Before going for Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) – Earnings per share (EPS) approach, let us discuss briefly about EBIT and EPS.With the help of Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT), investors and managers can analyse company’s performance without considering balance sheet.With the help of Earnings per share (EPS), investors can measure profit-earning ability of a company and investors will calculate the returns for their shares.EBIT – EPS approach determines optimal capital structure having high EPS for a given EBIT. It also determines best debt and equity ratio that used to finance the business. It examines effect of financial ...
Read MoreIf a company's profit before tax is Rs.500000/- and tax rate is 28%, preference share dividend is Rs.8000/-
DateParticularsPurchaseSellRemaining01.04.XXXXTotal shares2000001.10.XXXXPreference share is converted to equity share45002450001.01.XXXXShares buyback200022500Considering above data and table. Calculate EPSSolutionThe solution is given below − EPS = (P-Pd) / WACSCalculating Profits minus preference shares (P-Pd).P – Pd = profit before tax – profit after tax rate – preference share dividendsP – Pd = 500000 – {500000 (28%)} - 8000P - Pd = 500000 – 140000 – 8000P – Pd = 352000/-Weighted Average number of shares (WACS).WACS = (20000*(6/12)) + (24500*(3/12)) + (22500*(3/12))WACS = 10000 + 6125 + 5625WACS = 21750/- EPS = (P-Pd) / WACS EPS = 352000 / 21750 EPS = 16.18
Read MoreExplain Earnings per share (EPS) in financial management.
Earnings per Share (EPS) are a financial measure that tells about net earnings of a shareholder over a period. In other words, EPS is part of profit distributed to the shareholder. EPS tells whether company can produce net profit for shareholders.It tells about financial health of a company. If EPS is high, it states that company is earning more profits and have ability to distribute those profits to shareholders. If EPS is low, it states that company earnings are not as expected.Categories of EPS are −Trailing EPS − Based on previous year’s numbers.Current EPS − Based on present or current ...
Read MoreWhat are steps involved in calculating EBITDA and EBITDA coverage ratio or How EBITDA and EBITDA ratio is calculated?
SolutionThe solution is explained below − EBITDA = Np+In+Ta+D+A EBITDA = 175000+20000+35000+8000 EBITDA= 238000/-Here, Np=Net Profit, In=Interest, Ta=Taxes, D = Depreciation, A= Amortization EBITDA= OI*+ D+ A EBITDA = (525000-200000-95000) + 8000 EBITDA = 238000/-Here, OI* = Operating Income, D = Depreciation, A= Amortization(*Operating income (OI) = total revenue – cost of goods sold – operating expenses) EBITDA Coverage Ratio = (EBITDA+LP)/ (IP+PP+LP) EBITDA Coverage Ratio = (238000+15000)/ (5000+7500+15000) EBITDA Coverage Ratio = (253000)/ (27500) EBITDA Coverage Ratio = 9.2Here, LP = Lease payments, IP= Interest payment, PP = Principal payments.
Read MoreExplain about Earnings before interest taxes depreciation and amortization (EBITDA).
EBITDA means Earnings before interest taxes depreciation and amortizations. EBITDA focus on operating decisions of a business by excluding non-operating decisions.Profitability between companies/industries can analysed by using EBITDA. A positive EBITDA means company is getting profits through its operations and a negative EBITDA means company is not getting profits through its operations and need to re adjust their operations to generate profits.Advantages of EBITDA are as follows −Easy to calculate.Commonly used to compare business valuations.Represents company’s operating performances.Reduces risk.Business growth can be estimated.Disadvantages of EBITDA are as follows −Capital expenditure is not considered.Not fall under GAAP.No particular procedure to calculate.By ...
Read MoreWhat is earnings before interest and tax (EBIT)?
Earnings before Interest and Tax (EBIT) tell about profitability of a company. It tells about company’s core operation performance. Companies profit includes incomes, expenses.Sometimes EBIT is the amount which deducts all operating expenses from sales revenue, which is called operating income. EBIT is the amount generated in a particular accounting period.Formulasbases on TR, CGS, OEEBIT = TR-CGS-OEHere, TR = Total Revenue, CGS = Cost of Goods Sold, OE = Operating Expensebases on NI, In, TaEBIT = NI+In+TaHere, NI = Net Income, In = interest and Ta = taxesEBIT tells amount money earned by a company from its operations.Investors can compare ...
Read MoreExplain trade of equity in capital structure.
The word trading means profit earning and equity means owner’s money. In other words, trade of equity means profit is earned through owner’s money. Company will go for trade on equity, when it needs new debt to gain or acquire new assets on which, it can earn high return as compared to normal interest on cost of debt. New debts are issued in the form of bonds, loans or preferred stocks.Objectives are described below −To operate its own trade.Increase rate of dividends.Control source of finance.Increase reputation of a company.Types are as follows −Tiny equity − Share capital is less than ...
Read MoreDifferentiate between Earnings per share (EPS) and dilute Earnings per share (D-EPS).
The major differences between Earnings per share (EPS) and dilute Earnings per share (D-EPS) are as follows −Earnings per share (EPS)Dilute Earnings per share (D-EPS)Basic earnings per equity share of a company is calculated.Calculates earnings per convertible share of a company.Main purpose is to calculate profitability of a company.Main purpose is to calculate profitability of a company which includes convertible securities.Less significance.More significance.Common shares are included in calculations.Common shares, preferred shares, debt etc. are included in calculations.More value of measure.Less value of measure.Easy to calculate.More complicated to calculate than EPS.
Read MoreCalculate the following with data(assumed) provided:nReturn on investmentnOperating leveragenFinancial leveragenCombined leverage
Rs.Sales (S)1000000Variable cost (VC)375000Fixed cost (FC)95000Debt425000Interest on debt10%Equity capital590000SolutionThe solution is given below −return on investment = EBIT/ (D + E) return on investment = (S – VC – FC)/ (D + E) return on investment = (1000000 – 375000 – 95000)/ (425000 + 590000) return on investment = 530000/ 1015000 return on investment = 52.22%operating leverage (OL) = (S – VC)/ EBIT operating leverage = (1000000 – 375000)/ 530000 operating leverage = 625000/ 530000 operating leverage = 1.18financial leverage (FL) =EBIT/ EBT financial leverage = 530000/ (EBIT – I) financial leverage = 530000/ (530000 – (425000*10%)) financial leverage = 530000/ (530000- 42500) financial leverage = 530000/ 487500 financial leverage = 1.087combined leverage = OL * FL combined leverage = 1.18 * 1.087 combined leverage = 1.28Here,EBIT = Earnings before interest and tax.EBT = earnings before tax and after interest.I = interest on debentures.
Read More