To improve the radiation efficiency and directivity of the beam, the waveguide should be provided with an extended aperture so as to make the abrupt discontinuity of the wave into a gradual transformation, so that all the energy in the forward direction gets radiated. This can be termed as Flaring. Flaring is done to provide greater directivity and narrower beam width. The types of horn antennas depend on how they are flared.Sectoral HornThis type of horn antenna, flares out in only in one direction. Flaring in the direction of Electric vector produces the sectorial E-plane horn. As well, flaring in ... Read More

Microstrip antennas are the low-profile antennas. A metal patch mounted on a ground level with a dielectric material in-between constitutes a Microstrip or Patch Antenna. These are very low size antennas having low radiation. The patch antennas are popular for low profile applications at frequencies above 100MHz.Construction and workingThe microstrip consists of a very thin metallic strip placed on a ground plane with a dielectric material in-between. The radiating element and feed lines are placed by the process of photo-etching on the dielectric material. Usually, the patch or microstrip is chosen to be square, circular or rectangular in shape for ... Read More

Babinet’s Principle is actually the principle used in optics. According to its definition, “When the field behind a screen with an opening is added to the field of a complementary structure, the sum is equal to the field when there is no screen”The images clearly explain the principle. In all the regions, which are non-collinear with the beam, the above two screens, in figure 1 & 2, produce the same diffraction pattern.Case1Consider a light source and a conducting plane (field) with an aperture before a screen. The light does not pass through the opaque area but passes through the aperture.Case2Consider ... Read More

Sony Corporation is one of Japan's biggest multinational corporations, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo of Japan. It was founded by Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka on 7th May 1946. It was during the wake of the World War-II. Sony’s first branded product was TR-55 Transistor radio that was launched in 1955, whereas Sony was made to be its official name since January 1958.It was Not-So-EasyEarlier, vacuum tubes were used, whereas, after the invention of transistors, the circuits became shorter and eventually the size of the equipment used got reduced. When TR-55 Transistor radio was launched which was made using a transistor, ... Read More

In the present world, technology has got very advanced. Most of our daily tasks have been automated which has made us more reliable on electronic gadgets. Wireless Charging gives an advantageous, safe, and solid approach to charge and power a large number of electrical gadgets at home, in the work, and in industries.By removing the use of physical connectors and links, remote charging makes it efficient and brings cost and safety advantages over the conventional charging wire. From cell phones to hand-held mechanical gadgets and heavy duty gear applications, wireless power keeps them protected, constant and maintains the reliable exchange ... Read More

A great many people now purchase laptops for their processing needs and need to settle on the choice between getting either a Solid State Drive (SSD) or Hard Disk Drive (HDD) as the storage component. So which of the two is the better decision, an SSD or HDD?There's no straightforward response to this question; every buyer has different necessities and we need to evaluate our choice in light of those requirements, your preferences and obviously the cost.Despite the fact that the cost of SSDs has been falling, the cost per gigabyte advantage is still firm with HDDs. However, in the ... Read More

In ancient times the food was preserved by conventional techniques like salting and pickling which were not helpful all the time. These days refrigerators are utilized to protect food for long periods by cooling it.This cooling procedure keeps bacteria away from attacking and ruining the food, which thus lessens food wastage. The refrigerator is one innovation that has positively changed the way we live. It has made it feasible for everybody to store or preserve food for long periods of time.A Refrigerator functions on 2 basic principles:As a fluid dissipates, it absorbs the warmth from the surrounding ranges.The inverse happens ... Read More

Before we get to the offset printing machine let's first understand what is offset printing all about. In offset printing, the image or text that is to be printed needs to be transferred from a metal plate to a rubber blanket which is mounted on heavy iron rollers. This roller is one of the most important parts of the offset printing machine as it is that component of the machine which does the printing. "Offset" is a technical term which is meant to convey the process by which the image is transferred from the metal plate to the rubber blanket ... Read More

Proper security involves all-around surveillance or observation of people, their behavior and actions, immovable property like land and building as well as movable property stationed there. Surveillance is generally conducted with the help of methods that either have limited mobility or are stationary like, CCTV cameras, GPS tracking dependent on satellite connectivity and not helpful in close observation, stake-outs, which are time-consuming, data-based profiling and biometrics and some other methods.Drone Has Turned the TableAll these methods have their own level of advantages and limitations but when it comes to drone technology, the efficiency, and effectiveness of any security operation increase ... Read More

Career prospects in the VFX (Visual Effects) industry are enormous, especially in a country like India which not only has a huge domestic market for VFX-enriched content in its mass media entertainment programs but is also a massive base for VFX job work for the global entertainment industry.The Right SoilIndia has the right eco-system to provide high-quality VFX output at an affordable cost and at scale. VFX requires the animators to be creative, imaginative, skilled in application software and willing to work long hours and at wages that very few other countries can match. So, yes, the opportunities in VFX ... Read More